Opioid use is costly to society, and the costs vary with OIC severity. OIC is discomforting, affects the QoL of patients, and can limit an effective pain therapy.

BackgroundMigraine is a disabling, chronic neurological disease leading to severe headache episodes affecting 13.2% of the Swedish population. Migraine leads to an extensive socio-economic burden in terms of healthcare costs, reduced workforce and quality of life (QoL) but studies of the health-economic consequences in a Swedish context are lacking.The objective of this study is to map the health-economic consequences of migraine in a defined patient population in terms of healthcare consumption, production loss and QoL in Sweden.MethodsThe study is based on data from a web-based survey to members in the Swedish patients’ association suffering from migraine. The survey was conducted in May 2018 and included people with migraine aged 18 years or older. The survey included questions on health resource consumption, lost production resulting from migraine-related absenteeism and presenteeism, and QoL as measured by the EuroQol 5 dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D-5 L) and the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6). The results are presented in yearly costs per patient and losses in quality adjusted life years (QALYs).ResultsThe results are based on answers from 630 individuals with migraine and are presented by number of migraine days per month. The total cost per patient and year increased with the number of migraine days per month (p < 0.001) and varied between approximately €5000 for those with less than 3 migraine days per month and €24,000 per year for those with 21–28 migraine days per month. Production loss represented the main part of the costs, approximately 80%. The average loss in QALYs per year also increased with the monthly number of migraine days (p = 0.023).ConclusionsMigraine leads to significant societal costs and loss of quality of life. There appears to be an unmet need and a potential for both cost savings and QoL benefits connected with a reduction in the number of migraine days.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s10194-019-1015-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Objectives To estimate resource use and costs, including direct and indirect costs, in relation to levels of severity in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) in a Swedish setting. Materials and methods Patients with idiopathic PD registered in the National Parkinson's Disease Patient Registry (PARKreg), with registrations of Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) and “off time” in the Skåne Region, were included. Annual costs of healthcare contacts, drugs, formal and informal care, and productivity loss associated with PD were estimated using data from PARKreg linked with regional and national healthcare registers between 2013 and 2019. Results In total, 960 patients and 1324 observations (patient‐years) were included. Total average cost per patient‐year was SEK 168,982 (EUR 15,958) and ranged from SEK 62,404 (EUR 5893) for H&Y stage I to SEK 1,056,324 (EUR 99,755) in H&Y stage V. The dominating part of total costs for early stages were indirect costs accounting for 50–60% while formal care made up for 55% and 81% of total costs in H&Y IV and V, respectively. Total mean costs for formal care, informal care, and productivity loss also increased with increasing off‐time. Conclusion Advanced and late stages of PD are associated with significant societal costs as patients in those stages often require resource‐intensive and costly formal care. Thus, there are potential savings to be made, by optimizing the pharmacological and surgical symptomatic treatment of patients with advanced disease.

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The results indicate that dasatinib is a cost-effective treatment among imatinib-resistant CML patients in Sweden in comparison to imatinib 800 mg/daily.