Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Orthorektisches Ernährungsverhalten bezeichnet eine Fixierung auf gesunde Ernährung, die mit psychischen, körperlichen und sozialen Beeinträchtigungen einhergehen kann. Fragestellung: Konstruktion und Evaluation eines Messinstruments zur Erfassung orthorektischen Ernährungsverhaltens. Methode: Konstruktion der Düsseldorfer Orthorexie Skala (DOS, 10 Items) in einem mehrstufigen item- und faktorenanalytischen Selektionsprozess, Evaluation an einer Stichprobe von 1 340 Probanden. Ergebnisse: Reliabilität (Cronbachs α = .84) sowie Retest-Reliabilität (r = .79) liegen im guten Bereich. Hinweise zur Validität der Skala liefern Korrelationen mit Selbsteinschätzung des Essverhaltens als gesund (r = .21) und mit subjektiver Bedeutsamkeit gesunder Ernährung (r = .42). Schlussfolgerungen: Die ermittelte Prävalenz orthorektischen Ernährungsverhaltens fällt in der untersuchten Stichprobe mit 3 % deutlich niedriger aus als Prävalenzschätzungen in früheren Untersuchungen.
It was recently proposed that healthy orthorexia (HeOr) and orthorexia nervosa (OrNe) should be differentiated. The aim of the present study was to analyze whether the two dimensions of orthorexia can be considered new eating styles or basically equivalent to restrained eating behavior. Two samples of university students (sample 1,
n
= 460; sample 2,
n
= 509) completed the Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS), the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Factor analysis with the TOS and DEBQ items together revealed an adequate fit for the preexisting five-factor solution (TOS: OrNe and HeOr; DEBQ: Restrained Eating, Emotional Eating, and External Eating). This result points out that these factors are conceptually distinguishable. Moreover, we tested whether the different eating styles presented different patterns of correlations with gender, body mass index (BMI), and age, and whether OrNe and HeOr predicted Positive and Negative Affect after controlling for Restrained, Emotional, and External Eating. Whereas Restrained and Emotional Eating were higher for women and increased with BMI in both samples, HeOr and OrNe presented much lower associations with these variables. OrNe was positively related to Negative Affect and negatively to Positive Affect, whereas HeOr was positively related to Positive Affect. Again, this result supports the assumption that OrNe is a new variant of disordered eating, whereas HeOr could possibly be seen as a protective behavior.
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