A new instrument capable of recording the load-extension behavior of a yarn in cyclic testing is described. The instrument is constructed in such a fashion that it is possible to vary both the humidity and the temperature of the air in which the yarn is tested. Frequency and amplitude are also variable over a limited range.It is shown that the range of fatigue lifetimes of yarns in cycling conforms to the Weibull distribution, which is based on the theory of extreme values. Experimental evidence indicates that increased "plasticization" brought about by heat and/or water tends to increase the fatigue life of fibers.The failure of twisted yarns in fatigue testing is different than that observed in untwisted structures This fact points out the difficulty in extrapolating the results presented here to actual tire cord failures.-

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Sowohl Sicken und Versätze als auch angeschäumte oder geklebte Dämmstoffe können ebene Teilflächen dünnwandiger Bauteile stabilisieren: Sicken und Versätze sind sowohl bei Trapezprofilen als auch bei Sandwichelementen anzutreffen, der stabilisierende Einfluss des Dämmstoffs hingegen nur bei Sandwichelementen. Werden Trapezprofile mit einer kraftschlüssig angeschäumten Dämmstoffen versehen, treten auch hier beide Stabilisierungseffekte auf. Die kombinierte Berücksichtigung beider Effekte in den üblichen Bemessungsprozeduren wird erläutert. Basierend auf den dabei entwickelten Modellen werden Grundzüge für ein neues Bemessungsverfahren für Sandwichelemente mit leicht‐profilierten Deckschichten eingeführt. Load‐bearing capacity of longitudinally stiffened thin‐walled sheeting on an elastic foundation. Both stiffeners and insulation materials bonded to the sheets can provide stabilization to cross‐section parts of thin‐walled building components. While stiffeners can be found both with trapezoidal sheeting and sandwich panels, the stabilizing effect of the insulation material can only be found with sandwich panels. If trapezoidal sheeting is provided with a force‐fit connected insulation material, also both stabilizing effects apply. The inclusion and combination of both stabilization effects in the usual design and calculation procedures is explained in the paper. Based on the knowledge obtained with the design of trapezoidal sheeting, a new design and calculation concept for sandwich panels with lightly profiled faces is introduced.

This paper describes the development of a computer finite element method (FEM) model for simulating the temporary earthwork support technique, artificial ground freezing. Specifically, ice‐wall thickness growth and ground movement (due to frost heave and thaw settlement) were evaluated with the use of the finite element software package ABAQUS. Other parameters modelled were obtained from a combination of a priori research and invaluable practitioner experience. Simulation results were then compared with measurements obtained from a live field project to assess model accuracy. Output results obtained from the FEM analyses provided demonstrable evidence of the model’s inherent ability to simulate “realistically” the effects of ground freezing analysis process.