SummaryBackground and objectiveBenign and malignant facial skin lesions may be difficult to differentiate clinically and with dermoscopy. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential utility of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) as a second‐level examination for facial skin neoplasms.Patients and MethodsRetrospective and blinded evaluation of 160 consecutive facial lesions was carried out in two separate steps. Clinical and dermoscopic images were assessed first, followed by combined evaluation of clinical/dermoscopic and RCM images. Our study included 60 % malignant lesions, comprising 43 % melanomas, 9 % basal cell carcinomas, 5 % in situ squamous cell carcinomas and 3 % lymphomas.ResultsAncillary RCM significantly improved diagnostic specificity for the detection of malignancy compared to clinical/dermoscopic evaluation alone (58 % vs 28 %). However, sensitivity was slightly lower for RCM‐based image evaluation (93 % vs 95 %) due to misclassification of one in situ SCC and one lymphoma. In terms of melanoma diagnosis, RCM‐based image evaluation was generally superior; sensitivity was only slightly increased (88 % vs 87 %), but melanoma specificity was significantly higher (84 % vs 58 %).ConclusionRCM is a valuable diagnostic adjunct for facial skin lesions; unnecessary biopsies in this cosmetically sensitive area could be reduced by one third without missing a melanoma.
Cause determination is challenging in fever or inflammation of unknown origin (FUO/IUO) despite today’s diagnostic modalities. We evaluated the value of F-18 FDG PET/CT in an unselected patient collective. This retrospective nonrandomized single-center study enrolled 300 male and female patients with FUO/IUO. PET/CT findings were compared with final clinical outcomes to determine the sensitivity, specificity, clinical significance, etiological distribution of final diagnoses, impact on treatment, role of white-blood cell count (WBC), and C-reactive protein (CRP). In 54.0% (162/300) PET/CT was the decisive exanimation for establishing the final diagnosis, in 13.3% (40/300) the findings were equivocal and indecisive, in 3.3% (10/300) PET/CT findings were false positive, while in 29.3% (88/300) a normal F-18 FDG pattern was present. Statistical analysis showed a sensitivity of 80.2% and a specificity of 89.8% for the contribution of PET/CT to the final diagnosis. CRP levels and WBC were not associated with PET/CT outcome. PET/CT let to new treatment in 24.0% (72/300), treatment change in 18.0% (54/300), no treatment change in 49.6% (149/300), and in 8.3% (25/300) no data was available. Our study demonstrates the utility of F-18 FDG PET/CT for source finding in FUO/IUO if other diagnostic tools fail.
Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Zielsetzung Benigne und maligne Läsionen der Gesichtshaut können klinisch und dermatoskopisch schwierig zu differenzieren sein. Die vorliegende Studie zielte darauf ab, den diagnostischen Nutzen der In‐vivo‐Konfokalmikroskopie (RCM) als weiterführende Untersuchungsmethode für Neubildungen der Gesichtshaut zu untersuchen. Patienten und Methodik Retrospektive und verblindete Untersuchung von 160 konsekutiven Gesichtsläsionen in zwei getrennten Schritten: zuerst Auswertung der klinischen und dermatoskopischen Bilder, gefolgt von einer kombinierten Beurteilung der klinischen, dermatoskopischen und RCM‐Bilder. Unsere Studie schloss 60 % maligne Läsionen ein, bestehend aus 43 % Melanomen, 9 % Basalzellkarzinomen, 5 % In‐situ‐Plattenepithelkarzinomen und 3 % Lymphomen. Ergebnisse Die zusätzliche RCM verbesserte die diagnostische Spezifität für die Erkennung von Malignomen im Vergleich zur klinisch‐dermatoskopischen Auswertung allein deutlich (58 % vs. 28 %). Die Sensitivität war für die RCM‐basierte Auswertung jedoch wegen der Fehlbeurteilung eines In‐situ‐Plattenepithelkarzinoms und eines Lymphoms etwas erniedrigt (93 % vs. 95 %). Im Bezug auf die Melanomdiagnose schnitt die RCM‐basierte Bildauswertung generell besser ab; die Sensitivität war nur gering erhöht (88 % vs. 87 %), die Spezifität jedoch deutlich (84 % vs. 58 %). Schlussfolgerungen Die RCM stellt ein wertvolles diagnostisches Hilfsmittel im Gesichtsbereich dar; die Anzahl unnötiger Biopsien in diesem kosmetisch sensiblen Areal könnte, ohne ein Melanom zu übersehen, um ein Drittel reduziert werden.
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