Association between alcohol consumption and human immunodeficiency virus infectionSeveral factors have been associated with HIV infection, but alcohol consumption has not been studied completely. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between alcohol consumption and HIV infection. A case-control study was undertaken with HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients, matched by sex and age (± 2 years). Latin-American Alcoholism Test (long version) was used to evaluate alcoholism diagnosis. A total of 198 cases were matched with 198 controls: 38.9% of cases were diagnosed as alcoholics, and only 22.7% of controls (p < 0.001). The multivariate model showed that economic income (p < 0.001), sexual orientation (p < 0.001), and alcoholism diagnosis (p < 0.001) were associated with HIV infection. This study demonstrates an association between alcohol consumption, homosexual practices between men and economic income with the prevalence of HIV infection.Key words: HIV infection, alcoholism, homosexuality, case-control study. Palabras clave: VIH, alcoholismo, homosexualidad, casos y controles. Introducciónl Instituto Nacional de Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo (NIAAA) de los Estados Unidos de América reporta que las personas con desórdenes de consumo de alcohol tienen mayor probabilidad de contraer infección por VIH y otras enfermedades de transmisión sexual que la población general 1 , debido a su asociación con conductas sexuales de riesgo, tales como múltiples parejas sexuales, relaciones sexuales sin protección, relaciones con trabajadoras sexuales y sexo a cambio de alcohol o drogas 2 .Asimismo, personas con la infección por VIH son más propensas a consumir mayores cantidades de alcohol 1 , lo que puede dificultar la adherencia para la terapia anti-retroviral 3,4 .Diversas sustancias, entre ellas el alcohol, pueden actuar como modificadores de la conducta sexual, haciendo que los consumidores tengan mayores niveles de relaciones sexuales no protegidas muy próximas al uso de la sustancia 5,6 .Siendo en nuestro país la relación entre el consumo de alcohol y la infección por VIH aún poco conocida, se realiza el presente estudio con el propósito de evaluar la asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y la infección por VIH, buscando ampliar los conocimientos acerca de un factor asociado importante para la transmisión. Pacientes y MétodosDiseño. Estudio observacional analítico, de tipo caso-control, empleando casos de infección por VIH, reportados en el Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Tropicales y Dermatológicas del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (Lima, Perú), durante el lapso entre agosto del 2003 y diciembre del 2004, de manera constante e ininterrumpida.Tamaño de muestra. Para el cálculo del tamaño de muestra se consideró que la proporción de consumo de alcohol en la población no infectada por VIH en Perú fue de 21% 7 y que la proporción del consumo de alcohol en el grupo infectado por VIH fue del 35% 1,8 . Además, utilizando un nivel de confianza del 95% y un poder del 80%, se obtuvo el número d...
Objective: To evaluate the frequency of intestinal parasites and risk factors associated with coccidian infection in patients cared for at a public hospital in Lima-Peru. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using reports of the parasitology laboratory. Patients included were >18 years, who gave at least one faecal sample for parasitologic evaluation. Logistic regression was used to calculate Odd Ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. Results: 2.056 patients were included in the analysis, 55.2% of them were males and 334 (16.3%) were HIV positive. Overall, Blastocystis hominis was the most frequent parasite (35.4%). The multivariate model adjusted for sex shows that HIV infection (OR = 4.53; 95%CI: 3.03-6.77), being hospitalized (OR = 2.42; 95%CI: 1.06-5.52), and age ≥ 40 years (OR = 0.57; 95%IC: 0.37-0.86) were associated with coccidian infection. Conclusions: Blastocystis hominis was the most frequent parasite in HIV positive and negative patients. Being hospitalized and HIV infection were risk factors for coccidian infection, but age ≥ 40 years was a protective factor.
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