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Contributing to the current debate on the history of security, this essay examines the value "security" had in the late 19th century as a normative maxim for European rulers. It gives examples of attacks on state and government leaders and analyzes their reactions and the resultant discussions about the protection of monarchs. These case studies will demonstrate that the security culture of the heads of European states was shaped more by the traditional model of aristocratic, military and manly virtuousness than by security considerations well into the late 19th century. Yet the evolution of modern terrorism soon revealed the limits of this traditional security culture. * Eine erste Version der Teile I-III und V hat Carola Dietze im Sommer 2007 whrend der Summer School des Berliner Kollegs fr Vergleichende Geschichte Europas an der FU Berlin vorgestellt. Fr Diskussion und Anregungen dankt sie allen Teilnehmern der Summer School und insbesondere spiritus rector und Organisatorin Tatjana Tçnsmeyer sowie Friedrich Lenger. Frithjof Benjamin Schenk hat frhere Versionen des vierten Teils bei verschiedenen Anlssen in Deutschland und den USA vorgetragen.

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