1. Introduction The history of modern semantics is characterised by two research traditions which are based on radically different views concerning both conceptual motivation and the purpose of semantic research. Realistic semantics conceives of semantics as characterising the relationsship between linguistic expressions and reality. In most cases this relationship is explicated by means of modeltheoretic concepts. The following quote from one of the founding fathers of realistic semantics clearly rejects a mentalist stance.

Organic pigments are often recrystallized in various ways to effect purification and to control the particle size of the new crop of crystals. Copper phthalocyanine and indanthrene blue RS have been observed to yield crystals of varying shades, ranging from a light greenish blue to a dark reddish blue (purple). These shades have in the past been attributed only to differences in particle size because the elementary analyses strongly indicated that the samples were chemically identical. This investigation shows that both these pigments are polymorphic, and each can exist in at least two different physical forms. The shade differences, therefore, may be due to the differences in the light absorption exhibited by the structurally different polymorphic forms. The polymorphic transformations can, for both pigments, be readily observed to take place in the electron microscope. The new form of both pigments, completely stable to the illuminating beam after the transformation, can be seen to grow from the vapor state at the expense of the original metastable solid material. The ``red'' shade of indanthrene blue RS and the ``hard'' powder of copper phthalocyanine have been labeled ``metastable'' because they transform in the electron microscope. The ``red'' shade of indanthrene blue RS can also be made to transform during its molecular distillation; the ``blue'' shade did not transform under any circumstances. The ``hard'' and ``soft'' powders of copper phthalocyanine can both be made to transform during their molecular distillations (not in the electron microscope) to give the same new form which is identical with the form that grew in the electron microscope at the expense of the original ``hard'' powder. Electron diffraction patterns prove that the newly formed phases are structurally different from the original samples. Both these commercially important pigments are therefore at least dimorphic.

Lowdamage specimen preparation technique for transmission electron microscopy using iodine gas assisted focused ion beam milling J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 13, 962 (1995); 10.1116/1.588213 Novel scheme for the preparation of transmission electron microscopy specimens with a focused ion beam J.Transmission electron microscopy specimen preparation technique using focused ion beam fabrication: Application to GaAs metal-semiconductor field effect transistors Several electron microscopical specimen preparation techniques are described, including two replica techniques. The most important specimens utilize the thin film of the silver-gelatin complex which exists as a tightly fitting skin around the photographic grains. This relatively inert and insoluble complex is referred to as the combined envelope; a study of this structure is given.Latent image centers are enlarged in several ways so as to be readily resolvable in the electron microscope. After this partial development the matrix or intergrain gelatin is removed and the grains are fixed. The final specimen consists of developed centers retained by the combined envelope.Applications of the replica technique to grain shape, size distribution, and growth nature of photolytic silver are given. Utilization of the combined envelope in conjunction with the special development techniques to provide information which substantiates independent sensitometric data is also demonstrated.

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