Using the dissipative structure theory (DST), the construction quality management system process of water project in China (WPCQMS) is analyzed in this paper. In the history of development, the process of the participants of WPCQMS gradually undertake quality management responsibility can be divided into the following several major stages: quality self-control stage of construction unit, quality collaborative control stage of owner unit, quality supervision stage of supervision unit, and quality supervision stage of government agency. Furthermore, the existing main problems of WPCQMS are analyzed, and it is put forward that the reforming orientation of WPCQMS should establish the three systems, including the main construction body quality management endurance system, the government quality supervision system, and the social credit assessing system.