Molecular identification systems depend on genetic diversity based on a short mitochondrial DNA fragment being markedly lower within than between species to infer identification of specimens. Our analyses show that both COI and CytB fragments can successfully distinguish most Ruspolia species. R. jezoensis was synonymised with R. dubia, and R. liangshanensis may be recently separated from R. dubia. R. indica, often called Euconocephalus indicus, occupied a well supported position within Ruspolia, and should be transferred into Ruspolia. The individuals of R. lineosa from Yunnan formed a monophyletic group at the base of the R. lineosa clade, and the Kimura 2-parameter distance between it and other R. lineosa individuals was 0.065 for COI and 0.069 for CytB, which may be the result of isolated or remote populations. However, for recently diverged taxa R. liangshanensis and R. dubia, straightforward application of barcoding rules may prove problematic without morphological, behavioural or ecological data.

One new species of the genus Acosmetura (Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) is described, namely Acosmetura trigentis Wang, Bian & Shi sp. nov. from Hubei, China. In addition, morphological photographs and a distribution map are provided. The examined specimens are deposited in the Museum of Hebei University.

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The previously unknown male of Teratura (Stenoteratura) kryzhanovskii (Bey-Bienko, 1957) is described and illustrated. The female of this species is also redescribed and illustrated based on examination of the holotype and additional specimen.