No abstract

The autostereoscopic display is a promising way towards three-dimensional-display technology since it allows humans to perceive stereoscopic images with naked eyes. However, it faces great challenges from low resolution, narrow viewing angle, ghost images, eye strain, and fatigue. Nowadays, the prevalent liquid crystal display (LCD), the organic light-emitting diode (OLED), and the emerging micro light-emitting diode (Micro-LED) offer more powerful tools to tackle these challenges. First, we comprehensively review various implementations of autostereoscopic displays. Second, based on LCD, OLED, and Micro-LED, their pros and cons for the implementation of autostereoscopic displays are compared. Lastly, several novel implementations of autostereoscopic displays with Micro-LED are proposed: a Micro-LED light-stripe backlight with an LCD, a high-resolution Micro-LED display with a micro-lens array or a high-speed scanning barrier/deflector, and a transparent floating display. This work could be a guidance for Micro-LED applications on autostereoscopic displays.

Three-dimensional (3D) crosstalk is a critical perceptual factor that degrades the image quality and causes visual discomfort when using stereoscopic displays. Although many crosstalk characterization methods have been published, few of them consider human perception. Moreover, most of these methods were designed for discrete sample measurements and do not account for the way humans observe entire displays. The aim of this research was to measure the 3D gray-to-gray crosstalk and its uniformity in a way that correlates to human vision. Two perception experiments were performed: one for local crosstalk value perception and another for crosstalk map perception. The correlations between the perception data and the objective crosstalk values calculated using nine different equations were compared. Then the correlations between the perceptual crosstalk maps and the calculated crosstalk maps were analyzed with camera-captured luminance levels using three different equations. The study results demonstrate that the proposed crosstalk equation based on Stevens' law leads to a higher correlation with the perceived crosstalk for both a single sample measurement and the entire screen. It was also demonstrated that low gray levels in the intended channel lead to higher crosstalk values and decreased uniformity.

A global path planning method based on improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was proposed to find a high quality flight trajectory in three-dimensional complex environment under multiple threats for UAV. The improved path planning algorithm combines the standard PSO with A* method to compensate for the slow convergence rate of PSO. The objective function with multiple constraints of A* method is used to evaluate the quality of the waypoint, and the objective function of PSO algorithm is designed to evaluate the quality of the candidate path. To verify the effectiveness of the improved algorithm, the improved PSO algorithm is used to compare with basic PSO algorithms. The experiment in complex environment shows it has stronger search ability, convergence ability due to the improvement of population diversity and convergence speed.

Background: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a promising source of therapies for ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) because of their potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Objectives:The aims of this study were to explore the therapeutic efficacy and potential mechanism of ADMSC-EVs in canine renal IR injury. Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and EVs were isolated and characterised for surface markers. A canine IR model administered with ADMSC-EVs was used to evaluate therapeutic effects on inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. Results: CD105, CD90 and beta integrin ITGB were positively expressed in MSCs, while CD63, CD9 and intramembrane marker TSG101 were positively expressed in EVs. Compared with the IR model group, there was less mitochondrial damage and reduction in quantity of mitochondria in the EV treatment group. Renal IR injury led to severe histopathological lesions and significant increases in biomarkers of renal function, inflammation and apoptosis, which were attenuated by the administration of ADMSC-EVs. Conclusions: Secretion of EVs by ADMSCs exhibited therapeutic potential in renal IR injury and may lead to a cell-free therapy for canine renal IR injury. These findings revealed that canine ADMSC-EVs potently attenuate renal IR injury-induced renal dysfunction, inflammation and apoptosis, possibly by reducing mitochondrial damage.