Highlights d ATRX IFFs are redistributed genome wide and are enriched at active promoters d The neuronal silencing transcription factor REST is an ATRX IFF target gene d REST and EZH2 silence neuronal gene programs in ATRX IFF NB d REST loss or EZH2 inhibition induces neuronal gene expression programs and NB cell death

as (1-Cd-F excess /Cd-I excess ) ( Fig. 1), was 47.2% (range: -9.4-83.3%) in Group D1 and 36.6% (range: -9.2-73.5%) in Group D3, and the Cd balance rate, defined as (1-Cd-F output /Cd-I intake ), was 23.9% (range: -4.0-37.7%) in Group D1 and 23.7% (range: -8.2-56.9%) in Group D3. Conclusions-Cd-F and Cd-B are better biological monitoring parameters for assessing change in Cd-I than Cd-U. The Cd uptake and Cd balance rates appeared to be higher than those in previous papers when ingested Cd mainly originated in rice. (J Occup Health 2003; 45: 43-52) Key words: Cadmium, Volunteer experiment, Rice, Dietary intake, Absorption, Biological monitoring Toxicity due to cadmium (Cd) accumulation in the body is known to cause renal damage and resultant osteoporosis. Itai-Itai disease is one disastrous example of chronic Cd poisoning. Food is the main source of Cd intake for non-occupationally exposed people, and the average dietary Cd intake by the Japanese general population was recently calculated as 28 µg/d 1) , much higher than that in other countries; e.g., 9.9 in China 2) , 7.3 in Malaysia , 8.3 in Sweden 5) and 9 to 10 in Germany 6) . In Japan, rice and shellfish are the major sources of Cd intake, and other foods sold in Japanese markets contain a very wide range of Cd concentrations 7) . In order to determine a tolerable level of Cd intake from meals, we must establish a non-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) based on the dose-response relationship between Cd in foods and adverse effects on the kidneys. At present, however, such data are not available, and in fact, a large-scale prospective study to establish the NOAEL is currently considered infeasible.On the other hand, the dose-response relationships

Histology can provide rapid, accurate, and clinically actionable information to clinicians caring for children with IFI.

No abstract

Japanese national sentiment has been described as paternalistic, which has potentially wide-ranging implications for the manner in which psychiatric patients should participate in medical decision-making. To examine the extent and possible determinants of the desire to participate in medical decision-making among Japanese people, we distributed a packet of questionnaires to 747 (nonmedical) university students and 114 of their parents. The questionnaires included an imaginary case vignette of psychotic depression. The participants were asked whether they would want various types of medical information, i.e., diagnosis, aetiology, treatment, outcomes, medical charts, etc., disclosed to them were they in such a psychiatric condition. Also included was the 1995 Scale for Independent and Interdependent Construal of the Self by Kiuchi. More than half of the participants wanted all the types of medical information disclosed to them. Those participants who wanted to have all types of information disclosed to them (n = 413) as compared to those who did not want to know at least one type of information (n = 445), tended to be male and to have an educational background in psychiatry (9.7% vs 5.4%) as well as an assertive attitude as indicated by a higher score on Independence on the Scale for Independence and Interdependent Construal of the Self. These results suggest that the Japanese in this sample are more likely to want to make an autonomous contribution to the psychiatric decision-making process and that less desire for information can be predicted by some demographic and personality factors.