Background and Purpose-The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of diabetes mellitus and its severity on the cerebral vasodilatory response to hypercapnia. Methods-Thirty diabetic patients consecutively scheduled for elective major surgery were studied. After induction of anesthesia, a 2.5-MHz pulsed transcranial Doppler probe was attached to the patient's head at the right temporal window, and mean blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery (Vmca) was measured continuously. After the baseline Vmca, arterial blood gases, and cardiovascular hemodynamic values were measured, end-tidal CO 2 was increased by reducing ventilatory frequency by 2 to 5 breaths per minute. Measurements were repeated when end-tidal CO 2 increased and remained stable for 5 to 10 minutes. Results-Significant differences were observed in absolute and relative CO 2 reactivity between the diabetes and control groups (absolute CO 2 reactivity: control, 2.8Ϯ0.7; diabetes mellitus, 2.1Ϯ1.3; PϽ0.01; relative CO 2 reactivity: control, 6.3Ϯ1.4; diabetes mellitus, 4.5Ϯ2.7; PϽ0.01, Mann-Whitney U test). Significant differences were also found between diabetic patients with retinopathy and those without retinopathy in absolute (Pϭ0.002) and relative (Pϭ0.002) CO 2 reactivity, glycosylated hemoglobin (Pϭ0.0034), and fasting blood sugar (Pϭ0.01) (Scheffé's test, Mann-Whitney U test). There was an inverse correlation between absolute CO 2 reactivity and glycosylated hemoglobin (rϭ0.69, PϽ0.001). Conclusions-Insulin-dependent diabetic patients have an impaired vasodilatory response to hypercapnia compared with that of the control group, and the present findings suggest that their degree of impairment is related to the severity of diabetes mellitus.

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A slow rewarming rate could reduce the chance of a decrease in SjvO2 during rewarming.

A reduced SjvO2 value was observed more frequently in patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus or stroke during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. It is possible that cerebral circulation during normothermic bypass is altered in patients with risk factors for cerebrovascular disorder.

The present results showed that pulsatility generated through the use of intra-aortic balloon pumping did not produce any beneficial effects on jugular venous oxygen saturation and regional cerebral oxygenation at normothermia.