We report the synthesis and characterization of perfluoropentacene as an n-type semiconductor for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Perfluoropentacene is a planar and crystalline material that adopts a herringbone structure as observed for pentacene. OFETs with perfluoropentacene were constructed using top-contact geometry, and an electron mobility of 0.11 cm2 V-1 s-1 was observed. Bipolar OFETs with perfluoropentacene and pentacene function at both negative and positive gate voltages. The improved p-n junctions are probably due to the similar d-spacings of both acenes. Complementary inverter circuits were fabricated, and the transfer characteristics exhibit a sharp inversion of the output signal with a high-voltage gain.

We present a quantitative atlas and catalog of dark clouds derived by using the optical database “Digitized Sky Survey I”. Applying a traditional star-count technique to 1043 plates contained in the database, we produced an $A_V$ map covering the entire region in the galactic latitude range $\vert b\vert \le 40^\circ$. The map was drawn at two different angular resolutions of $6'$ and $18'$, and is shown in detail in a series of figures in this paper. Based on the $A_V$ map, we identified 2448 dark clouds and 2841 clumps located inside them. Some physical parameters, such as the position, extent, and optical extinction, were measured for each of the clouds and clumps. We also searched for counterparts among already known dark clouds in the literature. The catalog of dark clouds presented in this paper lists the cloud parameters as well as the counterparts.

We have significantly improved the emission efficiency in an organic light-emitting device (OLED) based on iridium (III)bis[(4,6-di-fluoropheny)-pyridinato-N,C2′]picolinate (FIrpic). To improve the efficiency, 4,4′-bis(9-carbazolyl)-2,2′-dimethyl-biphenyl, which has a high triplet energy, was used as the carrier-transporting host for the emissive layer. The FIrpic-based OLED exhibited a maximum external quantum efficiency of 10.4%, corresponding to a current efficiency of 20.4 cd/A, and a maximum power efficiency of 10.5 lm/W. The efficiency was drastically improved compared to that of a previously reported FIrpic-based OLED. This result indicates that triplet energy is efficiently confined on FIrpic molecules, resulting in the high efficiency.

The data from the Nobeyama Radio Observatory 45 m telescope Galactic Center CO survey have been analyzed to generate a compilation of molecular clouds with intense CO emission in this region. Clouds are identiÐed in an automated manner through the main part of the survey data for all CO emission peaks exceeding 10 K The measured parameters of identiÐed clouds are analyzed and (T R *). cross-correlated to compare with those of clouds in the Galactic disk. For the clouds in the Galactic center (GC), we Ðnd the scaling laws of the type and which are similar to88, those of clouds in the Galactic disk. All the GC clouds identiÐed have larger velocity widths and virial theorem masses each above the and lines of the disk clouds. We diagnosed gravitational p V -S L CO -M VT stabilities of identiÐed clouds assuming that the disk clouds are nearly at the onset of gravitational instability. All the clouds and cloud complexes in the GC are gravitationally stable, indicating they are in equilibrium with high pressure in the GC environment. Gravitationally less stable clouds follow the main ridge of intense CO emission, part of which deÐne two rigidly rotating molecular arms. The velocity dispersion of a cloud correlates inversely with the degree of gravitational instability. It is concluded that mechanisms such as orbit crowding at the inner Lindblad resonance may promote gravitational instability and subsequent star formation.