This paper seeks to examine the role of entrepreneurship in economic inequality, whether entrepreneurial activities reduce or increase economic inequality. After clarifying the related concepts, we conducted both qualitative and quantitative analyses to evaluate the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic inequality. We summarized 313 articles and performed correlation analysis using collected data in ten typical countries in both emerging and mature economies. Our findings show that the role of entrepreneurship varies depending on the degree of economic development. Specifically, entrepreneurship can help reduce economic inequality in emerging economies, and might widen economic inequality in mature economies.