No abstract

Natural disasters have some environmental impacts as well as economic impacts. For example, when disasters such as earthquakes are not prevented, efforts must be made to minimize the economic and environmental costs that may arise. Although the interest of society and governments in the economic consequences of the earthquake is more intense, environmental effects should also be calculated, and the significance of the situation should be shown. Herein, it estimated the CO2 emissions caused by debris transport from the 1999 Marmara earthquake in Turkey in Yalova, a province of Turkey, and the reconstruction of the destroyed structures. As a result of the calculations, it has been found that 2031 x 10 3 tons of CO2 were released during the transport of debris and reconstruction of 9462 building that was destroyed before the end of their life in Yalova. Moreover, 42% of these emissions are caused by concrete alone. In addition, this value corresponds to 0.73% of the CO2 emitted in Turkey in 1999.

Some requirements are needed in the rheology design of special concretes such as self-compacting concrete, underwater concrete, shotcrete. For example, in the design of the desired concrete flow, some viscosity modifying agents (VMA) are used with various plasticizer additives. However, studies are needed to determine which of these additives used to design flow parameters is more appropriate. Herein, the mechanical and rheological effects of two commercially used VMAs on self-compacting mortars were investigated. For this purpose, compressive-flexural strength tests and mini-slump, mini-V funnel tests were conducted to determine the effects of welan gum (WG), and xanthan gum (XG) included in the mixtures at various ratios (0.01-0.1%) by weight of cement. The study supported by FE-SEM analysis concluded that WS had a positive effect on mechanical behavior, while XG had a negative effect, but XG was more effective on flow properties than WG.

In the world facing a reality called climate change, issues such as reducing cement production, which is one of the protagonists of human-induced carbon dioxide emissions, and the production of alternative building materials, continue to be popular. Herein, pumice block production, which is used as a masonry material, is discussed. Pumice blocks were produced by replacing the cement used as a binder in the production of pumice blocks with high sulfate fly ash. With the mechanical and physical tests performed on the blocks produced, it was concluded that up to 30% of the cement could be replaced by high sulfate fly ash. In addition, as a result of a short economic analysis for Türkiye, it has been suggested that the cost of masonry can be reduced by up to 8%.