Currently, the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis as an independent nosological form in children is being improved. This direction provides for the differentiation of chronic bronchitis from other bronchopulmonary diseases occurring with bronchitis syndrome. It is known that chronic bronchitis is a constant companion of bronchiectasis, primary ciliary dyskinesia and its main form - Kartagener's syndrome, and is also one of the manifestations of cystic fibrosis. The viciousness of the development of the bronchopulmonary system (aplasia, hypoplasia of the lungs, Mounier-Kuhn syndrome, Williams-Campbell syndrome, polycystic lung disease, bronchial branching anomalies), as a rule, predisposes to the formation of chronic bronchitis.

The article studies the indicators of the cytokine status and determines the features of the hemostasis system and acid-base state in bronchial asthma in children. We examined 25 children with bronchial asthma in the period of exacerbation at the age from 7 to 14 years, who received treatment in the department of allergology, the comparison group consisted of 20 patients with bronchial asthma in the remission phase, the control group consisted of 10 practically healthy children of the same age. From the side of biochemical parameters, a very low level of prothrombin time, mild metabolic alkalosis, low partial pressure of oxygen in the blood, and a decrease in the concentration of potassium and calcium ions were revealed. This is caused by disturbances in the hemostasis system, due to long-term persistent inflammation in the bronchopulmonary system and severe hypoxia.

Chronic bronchitis in children is manifested by a number of specific and nonspecific immune responses. In children, there are changes in the system of both cellular and humoral immunity, which are characterized by T-cell immunodeficiency. The aim of the study was to assess the state of the immune status in chronic bronchitis in children. To achieve this goal, 60 children aged 7 to 18 years with chronic bronchitis were examined, who were hospitalized in the pulmonology department of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Pediatrics during 2020-2021. During the period of exacerbation of the disease, a significant decrease in the number of leukocytes, the relative and absolute number of lymphocytes was established. Serum immunoglobulins are one of the main indicators of humoral immunity. In children with chronic bronchitis, on the part of humoral immunity, pronounced hypoimmunoglobulinemia, a sharp increase in the level of IgM, IgA and IgG were noted.

The aim of our study was to study the indicators of cytokine status and to determine the features of the hemostasis system and the acid-base state in children with bronchial asthma. We examined 25 children with bronchial asthma aged 7 to 14 years. The study program included: the determination of the level of cytokines: IL-1β and IL-8, the determination of the activity of the acid-base state of the blood. The results of the study showed that the development of bronchial asthma is facilitated by the unfavorable course of the peri- and intranatal periods, aggravated premorbid background, concomitant and past diseases, and significantly high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-8 were revealed. From the side of biochemical indicators, a very low level of prothrombin time, mild metabolic alkalosis, low partial pressure of oxygen in the blood, and a decrease in the concentration of potassium and calcium ions were detected.

The aim of the study was to study the possible pathogenetic mechanisms of the formation of bronchial hyperreactivity in bronchial asthma associated with microelementoses. The study group consisted of 45 children with bronchial asthma. The research methods were the method of neutron activation analysis of the content of trace elements in hair and the method of atomic absorption spectrometry of blood serum. The state of bronchial hyperreactivity was accompanied by a deficiency of essential microelements (69.6%) in severe bronchial asthma, against the background of selenium and zinc deficiency (plasma levels below 0.2 and 0.35 mg/l, respectively), and a decrease in the speed parameters of the function of external respiration.