The results of this study showed that VEGF is increased in all periodontal tissues of both groups and in the healthy sites of diabetic patients. Additionally, GCF VEGF values increased in periodontal sites of all test groups.

OBJECTIVES: To test whether or not vascularized interpositional periosteal-connective tissue grafts are as successful as free subepithelial connective tissue grafts in augmenting volume defects in the anterior maxilla. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty subjects with Seibert class 1 ridge defects in the anterior maxilla were randomly, equally assigned to augmentation by vascularized interpositional periosteal-connective tissue graft (test) or free subepithelial connective tissue graft (control). Clinical periodontal parameters at teeth adjacent to the gap were recorded, and conventional impressions were taken prior to surgery (baseline = t0 ) and 1 (t1 ), 3 (t3 ) and 6 (t6 ) months after surgery. The casts were optically scanned, digitized and analyzed for ridge contour changes in the augmented area. Data were subjected to nonparametric statistics. RESULTS: The contour changes in labial distance between baseline and follow-up for the control group were (median, range) 1 mm, 0.37-1.45 (t0 -t1 ); 1.18 mm, 0.39-1.40 (t0 -t3 ); and 0.63 mm, 0.28-1.22 (t0 -t6 ) and for test group 1.21 mm, 0.74-2.47 (t0 -t1 ); 1.26 mm, 0.50-1.71 (t0 -t3 ); and 1.18 mm, 0.16-1.75 (t0 -t6 ). Significantly less shrinkage of the graft was observed in the test group after 6 months (P = 0.03). Clinical periodontal parameters at the neighboring teeth were stable over the follow-up period and did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Augmentation of single tooth gaps with moderate ridge defects in the anterior maxilla was successfully performed using both techniques. However, after 6 months, sites treated by the pediculated graft were superior in maintaining the initially augmented volume and showed less shrinkage of the graft. This could be attributed to better perfusion of the pediculated graft. Abstract:Objectives: To test whether or not vascularized interpositional periosteal-connective tissue grafts are as successful as free subepithelial connective tissue grafts in augmenting volume defects in the anterior maxilla.Material and Methods: 20 subjects with Seibert class 1 ridge defects in the anterior maxilla were randomly, equally assigned to augmentation by vascularized interpositional periostealconnective tissue graft (test) or free subepithelial connective tissue graft (control). Clinical periodontal parameters at teeth adjacent to the gap were recorded and conventional impressions were taken prior to surgery (baseline=t0) and 1 (t1), 3 (t3) and 6 (t6) months after surgery. The casts were optically scanned, digitized and analyzed for ridge contour changes in the augmented area. Data were subjected to non-parametric statistics.Results: The contour changes in labial distance between baseline and follow-up for the control group were (median; range) 1mm; 0.37-1.45 (t0-t1), 1.18mm; 0.39-1.40 (t0-t3) and 0.63mm; 0.28-1.22 (t0-t6) and for test group 1.21mm; 0.74-2.47 (t0-t1), 1.26mm; 0.50-1.71 (t0-t3) and 1.18mm; 0.16-1.75 (t0-t6). Significantly less shrinkage of the graft was observed in the test group after 6 months (p=0.03). Clinical...

The results of this study show that VEGF is increased in gingival tissues of diabetic patients, especially those with periodontal disease.

It is well known that interactions between microbial dental plaque and the host immune system play a major role in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to analyze the phenotypic properties of gingival T lymphocytes and subsets in patients with chronic inflammatory adult periodontitis (AP) showing various degrees of inflammation and to relate the results to the immunopathogenesis of AP. Gingival biopsies were obtained from patients aged between 26 and 52 yr who were grouped according to gingival index scores (GI) of 1, 2, and 3. Using immunohistochemical techniques, T cells (CD2+), T-helper cells (CD4+) and T-suppressor cells (CD8+) were identified in three well-defined areas of the biopsy samples. Moreover, peripheral blood was collected from the same patients, and relative counts of B cells (CD 19+), HLA-DR+ cells and IL-2R+ cells as well as CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ cells were determined using three color flow cytometry. While the blood results were found to be within the normal ranges, the relative counts of CD4+ cells showed statistically significant decreases as the GI score increased. Similarly, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio also decreased. Moreover, gingival T lymphocyte and subset counts appeared to be related to the severity of gingival inflammation. Particularly, CD4+ cells showed a significant increase with the GI score.Furthermore, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio beneath the pocket epithelium was apparently correlated with increasing GI score (p<0.05). The cytotoxic effect of CD8+ cells seems to be more prominent at the local level while the suppressor effect is more active systemically. This means that the price of systemic protection appears to be local destruction.

Eosinophilic granuloma (EG) is the localized and mildest form of the triad commonly known as Langerhans cell histiocytosis. This report describes a case manifesting itself as a periodontal problem with the localized osseous lesions in jawbones which was first diagnosed as early-onset periodontitis. Later on, the diagnosis of EG was established, relying on histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations. Immunohistochemical findings confirm that a minor component of cell aggregates is phenotypically related to Langerhans cells among the sheet-like accumulations of histiocytes and eosinophils. The aetiology of the disease remains largely unknown. Although surgical curettage of lesions is usually effective in treatment of EG of bone, corticosteroids might be used as an adjunctive. This multifocal case of EG stresses the importance of clinical follow-up examinations, since the sequential lesions appear with irregular intervals, and this may cause diagnostic problems as well as a delay in starting the treatment regimen.