To solve the security and privacy issues in power carbon quota trading, a secure power carbon quota trading scheme is proposed by utilizing proxy re-signature and blockchain. The proxy re-signature technology is used to convert the signature of the buyer's enterprise into the signature of the environmental administrative institution, which protects the identity and privacy of the buyer's enterprise. The seller enterprise uses the one-time public key as the payment address of the transaction, which ensures the privacy of the seller enterprise in the carbon quota transaction. In addition, the signatures of the buyer and seller and the tamper-proof nature of the blockchain ensure the integrity and unforgeability of electricity carbon quota transactions. The analysis results show that the proposed scheme provides the anonymity and fairness of electricity carbon quota trading.

In recent years, China’s carbon trading market has achieved good emission reduction results but it is not yet perfect. Carbon trading mechanisms are facing huge challenges. Through the analysis of the current industry carbon trading market, the problems existing affecting the process of the carbon emission trading market are deeply discussed, providing a methodology for the regional carbon trading mechanism and the implementation of the national macro carbon emission reduction targets. It puts forward three challenges to carbon trading market cognition, carbon trading subject and carbon emission reduction technology, to contribute to achieving carbon peak, carbon neutralization.