This study sought to investigate the effects of Probiotic, Lactococcus lactis bacteria (LC.) on growth performance, nutrients digestibilities, diarrhea incidence and immune status of buffalo calves. Thirteen suckling buffalo calves were divided into two groups according to their body weight, age and sex (T1-Control (No LC. supplementation, T2-4 g LC. Per calf in breast milk). The Calves were fed 10% of their body weight fresh milk 2 times daily and provided calf starter and clover hay to meet their requirements of DM according to Kearl (1982). Calves body weight was recorded at the start of the experiment and thereafter regularly at 10 days interval. Diarrhea occurrence also faecal scores have been detected. After completion of the feeding trial, three animals per treatment were used in a metabolism trial. We obtained blood samples at the end of the study from each calf through jugular vein puncture. Obtained results showed significant (P< 0.5) increase in roughage, concentrate and total DM intakes with calves fed LC-supplemented than the control (T1) group during the periods of P3, P4 and P5. Supplementation of LC. L to calves in T2 group had showed an increase in body weight than T1-group; the increase in total gain and average daily gain (ADG) was significant (P<0.05), CP, CF, EE and NFE digestion coefficients keep on the same trend.Diarrhea occurred on T1 calves were more than T2 calves, and the duration of diarrhea at the same time was longer in control calves than treated calves. The number of E.coli in feces was more in control calves than treated calves. Immunological parameters (IgA, IgG and interleukin 2) have been increased in treated calves than control with no significant difference (P>0.05).

A total number of Fourty eight NWZ rabbits at 4 weeks of age (with an average body weight of 683±28g) were randomly divided into three equal groups; Rabbits were randomly distributed into 3 equal groups, 16 rabbits/group in 2 replicates, 8 rabbits in each. The first group served as a control (C) and fed soybean meal (SBM) as the protein source. Jatropha meal (JCSM) replaced SBM at the levels of 50% or 100% in the other two groups (T1 and T2). The experimental rabbits were fed the tested experimental diet for 10-weeks The aim of the present study was to evaluate Jatropha curcas seed meal as a source of protein in animal feeding and to determine growth performance, digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen balance, carcass characteristics, chemical and physical properties of rabbit meat. Blood parameters and cecum activitiesThe results obtained showed that: No significant differences were found regarding average body weight at any week of the experimental period. And no adverse effect of any dietary treatment on the growth of the experimental animals was reported. Apparent DM digestion coefficients of control, 50% Jatropha and 100% Jatropha were, 62.20, 66.65 and 66.85% respectively, differences were not significant. Digestibility of OM followed the same pattern being 60.26, 66.51 and 67.48% for the same respective groups. Digestibility of CP for the same diets was 78.57, 80.56, and 80.98%, respectively, differences were not significant. Digestion coefficient of CF was generally low in rabbits being 53% for control, 56.53% for T1 (50%JCSM) and 57.61% for T2 (100%JCSM); differences were not significant. In general, It was noticed that NB in control, T1 and T2 were 1.28, 1.03 and 0.82, respectively; T1 was close to the control diet but T2 was less than control. Rabbits fed the experimental diets had similar carcass traits and chemical composition and JCSM did not have any adverse effect on meat quality of growing rabbits. It was evident that feeding growing rabbits diets containing different level JCSM either at 50 or 100%had almost no significant effect on blood plasma components. Comparing the morphological structure of the kidney and liver in Jatropha treated rabbits (T2 and T3) to the control rabbits no abnormalities were reported. No toxic syndrome for Jatropha curcas seed meal on rabbits fed treated diets (T1 and T2) was observed.Economic efficiency was measured and reported to be better with the group T3 being 125% followed by T2 being 108%. In general, using JCSM in replacement of soyabean meal at any level tested lead to a better economic efficiency.

A total number of forty eight New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits 4 weeks of age and 683 + 28 g average live body weight were allotted at random to three similar experimental groups (of 16 rabbits each). Each group of rabbits was fed one of three experimental pelleted diets (16% crude protein and 13% crude fiber on average). The feeding trail extended for 9 weeks. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of partial substitution (50 or 100%) of soybean meal of control diet with different levels of jatropha seed meal (JCSM) as the sources for plant protein. on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, feed conversion ratio and economic efficiency. Results indicated that, there was no differences in the feed intake of rabbits that received diets containing JCSM and those received the control diet. Replacement of JCSM in rabbit diets significantly (P<0.05) improved the DM digestibility of diets containing 50 and 100% JCSM by 6.1 and 7.7% compared with control diet. No significant differences among the experimental groups regarding DCP and TDN.The average live body weight and body weight gain after 9 weeks showed no significant differences. The average daily gain followed the same pattern of total gain with average value of 26.89, 27.56 and 25.71g/d. Rabbits fed control diet had feed conversion ratio of 3.00 while those fed 50 and 100% JCSM had feed conversion ratio of 3.33 and 3.28, respectively. Nitrogen balance was positive in all rabbits fed experimental diets. Economic impact values of rabbits fed diets contained JCSM at marketing age (13 weeks) were higher than those of the control diet.It could be concluded that substitution of jatropha seed meal up to 50 or 100% of soybean meal in the diet of growing NZW rabbit diets improved the digestibility, daily weight gain, feed and economic impact, without any adverse effects on productive performance.

A total number of Fourty eight NWZ rabbits at 4 weeks of age (with an average body weight of 683±28g) were randomly divided into three equal groups; Rabbits were randomly distributed into 3 equal groups, 16 rabbits/group in 2 replicates, 8 rabbits in each. The first group served as a control (C) and fed soybean meal (SBM) as the protein source. Jatropha meal (JCSM) replaced SBM at the levels of 50% or 100% in the other two groups (T1 and T2). The experimental rabbits were fed the tested experimental diet for 10-weeks The aim of the present study was to evaluate Jatropha curcas seed meal as a source of protein in animal feeding and to determine growth performance, digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen balance, carcass characteristics, chemical and physical properties of rabbit meat. Blood parameters and cecum activitiesThe results obtained showed that: No significant differences were found regarding average body weight at any week of the experimental period. And no adverse effect of any dietary treatment on the growth of the experimental animals was reported. Apparent DM digestion coefficients of control, 50% Jatropha and 100% Jatropha were, 62.20, 66.65 and 66.85% respectively, differences were not significant. Digestibility of OM followed the same pattern being 60.26, 66.51 and 67.48% for the same respective groups. Digestibility of CP for the same diets was 78.57, 80.56, and 80.98%, respectively, differences were not significant. Digestion coefficient of CF was generally low in rabbits being 53% for control, 56.53% for T1 (50%JCSM) and 57.61% for T2 (100%JCSM); differences were not significant. In general, It was noticed that NB in control, T1 and T2 were 1.28, 1.03 and 0.82, respectively; T1 was close to the control diet but T2 was less than control. Rabbits fed the experimental diets had similar carcass traits and chemical composition and JCSM did not have any adverse effect on meat quality of growing rabbits. It was evident that feeding growing rabbits diets containing different level JCSM either at 50 or 100%had almost no significant effect on blood plasma components. Comparing the morphological structure of the kidney and liver in Jatropha treated rabbits (T2 and T3) to the control rabbits no abnormalities were reported. No toxic syndrome for Jatropha curcas seed meal on rabbits fed treated diets (T1 and T2) was observed.Economic efficiency was measured and reported to be better with the group T3 being 125% followed by T2 being 108%. In general, using JCSM in replacement of soyabean meal at any level tested lead to a better economic efficiency.