OncoGel, a novel injectable formulation of paclitaxel in a biocompatible biodegradable gel (ReGel), provides controlled release of paclitaxel at the injection site, resulting in high intralesional paclitaxel concentrations and continuous radiosensitization without attendant systemic toxicities. This dose-escalation study evaluated the toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor activity of OncoGel injected intralesionally in patients with inoperable esophageal cancer who were candidates for palliative external-beam radiotherapy (RT). Eleven patients with inoperable advanced esophageal cancer received a single administration of OncoGel into the primary tumor using conventional endoscopic techniques. Three cohorts received approximately one-third of the tumor volume with increasing paclitaxel concentrations to achieve 0.48, 1.0, and 2.0 mg paclitaxel/cm tumor volume. Subsequent to injection, RT was initiated (50.4 Gy in 1.8 Gy fractions). Pharmacokinetic sampling was performed. All patients completed the study. No dose-limiting toxicities were reported. Dysphagia improved and tumor size decreased in most patients. Biopsies were negative for carcinoma in 4 of 11 patients. Peak paclitaxel plasma concentrations were low (0.53-2.73 ng/ml) and directly related to the absolute amount of paclitaxel administered. Paclitaxel was detectable in plasma for 24 h in all patients and for 3 weeks in six patients. OncoGel given as an adjunct to RT was well tolerated in patients with inoperable esophageal cancer and provided prolonged paclitaxel release with minimal systemic exposure. OncoGel plus RT seemed to reduce tumor burden as evidenced by dysphagia improvement, tumor size reduction, and negative esophageal biopsies. The addition of OncoGel to combined modality therapy merits continued clinical development.

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