No abstract

The water management Basin is a geoecological system, the core of which is rivers, and the connecting elements are waste water. Therefore, it is very important to study and recognize not only the Basic Laws of the functioning of this geosystem, but also the processes that ensure its Sustainable Development and dynamics of evolution and allow us to develop reliable and at the same time safe water use management methods for Natural Resources. The article considers the geoecological situation of the Alakol watershed. Physical and chemical studies of the Alakol Basin, the lake system located on the territory of two administrative districts of East Kazakhstan region and Alakol District of Almaty region were carried out according to St RK 1432-2005. Territorial recreational systems located on the shores of the lake near the villages of Akshi, Koktuma, Kabanbai, Koktal are subject to the greatest anthropogenic impact in the process of recreational use, so the basis of our research is an assessment of their geoecological state. According to the results of research in the waters of the Alakol water reservoir on hydromorphological parameters, a large number of dangerous pollutants, including compounds of heavy metals, pesticides, ammonia, ammonium, ammonium, ammonium, ammonium. Based on this analysis, it is possible to determine the specifics of the formation of the level of contamination in the basin of Lake Alakol, as well as to compare the level of contamination and classify the range of concentrations of the element under study. This, in turn, will allow the public to assess the level of pollution of water resources and adopt appropriate solutions.

For the biological stage of reclamation of disturbed lands, the study of plant communities, the identification of dominant species and potential phytomeliorants of the local flora that are resistant to a complex of unique environmental conditions of technogenic formations are of paramount importance. The study of the comparative characteristics of natural and artificial vegetation overgrown with manmade man-made vegetation in the relationship of exploration of the subsoil by the open method, regime of disturbed land allotment, landscape, soil conditions and vegetation cover is a very important task.The purpose of our research is to study the processes of natural overgrowing of dumps, the analysis of the results of previously carried out works on reclamation.The study of the composition and structure of vegetation industrial dumps and adjacent areas was carried out using traditional methods of field geobotanical research.We have analyzed the previous studies on the composition and structure of the vegetation of the Sokolov-Sarbay mining and processing production association (SSGPO), according to literary sources, local flora has been identified. By means of own research, an assessment of the current state of vegetation has been carried out, potential phytomeliorants have been identified for the subsequent biological stage of reclamation of disturbed lands located in similar natural and climatic zones of the republic.The vegetation of a flat plateau-shaped dump mainly consists of formed by self-overgrown communities. Communities of steppe cereals and motley grass dominate. On the periphery of the dump, meadow cereals and motley grasses dominate along dug trenches. It consists mainly of herbaceous perennials, but the role of annuals and one--two-year-olds is also quite large. The phytocenoses are dominated by steppe species, from the ecological groups of plants -xerophytes. The participation of weed plants is small. At the end of 60 years after the formation of the dump, we can conclude that the natural zonal vegetation is almost restored -zonal steppe grass and forbs dominate in the vegetation cover, with the exception of artificially formed negative relief elements, where mosaic patterns are observed due to changes in the environmental conditions of the habitat.

As the main purpose of this article, the authors consider the level of soil pollution in the Aksu River basin as a result of anthropogenic impact, in which factors of anthropogenic transformation of soils in different zones play an important role, as well as processes occurring in soils as a result of their impact. This article highlights the research of the main analyses carried out, which showed that the anthropogenic transformation of soils within the surveyed territory is multifactorial and complex. As an assumed result, the validity of which is analyzed in this article, it can be considered that the degree and forms of manifestation of anthropogenic transformation of foothill soils depend on their use, as one criterion of which is considered the use of such soil for arable land, including irrigated arable land, in which the degradation of mountain soils is mainly associated with pasture loads during a certain period. As a research question, it remains to be considered whether this is really the case or whether the present territory is subject to a different anthropological impact.