No abstract

Blood specimens were procured from the following putatively pure Indians of the Peruvian rain forest: 90 Piro and 89 Campa on the Urubamba and Tambo rivers, 142 Shipibo and 14 Isconahua on the Rio Ucayali near Yarinacocha, 151 Aguaruna at Santa Maria de Nieva, where the Marañon and Nieva rivers join, and from 122 Ticuna and 9 Yagua near the Brazilian border on the Amazon. Specimens from highland Indians were obtained from 93 Aymará and 181 Quechua at Puno and environs. These 891 specimens were tested for antigens in the A‐B‐O, M‐N‐S‐s, P, Rh‐Hr, Lutheran, K‐k, Lewis, Duffy, Kidd, and Diego (Dia) systems, and for the Wright (Wra) aglutinogen. Serum samples from these bloods were tested for haptoglobins and transferrins and hemolysates were prepared and examined for hemoglobin types. Results for these tests with claculated gene frequencies are presented, for the most part, on appropriate tables. A map is included to show the locations of the populations from which blood samples were procured.As in South American Indians generally, frequencies are high for the O gene it being the only gene of the ABO system which appears in isolated jungle populations and the Aymará. Gene frequencies are usually high also for M, s, R1 (CDe), R2 (cDE), Lub, k, LeH, and Fya; and low or absent for A, B, N, S, Mia, Vw, Ro (cDe), r (cde), Lua, K, Le1, Fyb, and Wra. The Diego (Dia) gene is present but varies greatly in frequencies among tribes.Hp1 gene frequencies vary from 0.44 to 0.69 among the Peruvian Indians tested.Transferrin CD was encountered in only one population i.e., in 3 of 86 Piro (gene frequency TfD= 0.02). All others were C.All Peruvian Indian bloods tested electrophoretically contained only hemoglobin (A) as a major component.

This paper reports the distribution of blood groups, A-B-H secretors, haptoglobins, transfenins and hemoglobin types among Indians of the Gila E v e r Valley in Arizona. Specimens were procured from the following putative full-bl~ods: 909 Pima, 37 Papago, and 124 Maricopa; and from the following known mixed-bloods: Pima-Papago 134, Pima-Maricopa 26, Pima-Other Indian 41, Pima-Caucasian 33. These 1304 samples were tested for factors in the A-B-0, M-N-S-s, P, Rh-Hr, Lutheran, Kell-Cellano, Lewis, Duffy, Kidd and Diego blood group systems, and for additional blood factors (Wra), Doa, Vel, Yta, Coa, Gya, Sav, and L.W. Serum samples were tested for haptoglobins and transferrins. Hemolysates, prepared from whole blood, were tested for hemoglobin types. The results are presented on appropriate tables as number and per cent of phenotypes for the various blood group antigens and their calculated allele frequencies. Locations of the populations from which blood samples were procured are shown on a map ( fig. 1). Tests made by earlier workers on the blood of Arizona Indians and related tribes are presented for comparison and discussed.The usual high frequencies for allele 0 reported in Amerinds was found among the putatively full-blood Gila Indians; the 124 Maricopa presented the maximum frequency of 1.000. High frequencies were reported generally for M, s, PI, R1 (CDe), R2 (CDE), fi:(100%) Fy, and Don alleles. Low frequencies were reported for N , S, r (cde), R" ( c D e ) , fy, Lef and Din (Pima only).There was a wide variation in frequencies for Jk, and Hp', and there were 17Transferrin Tf EIC observed in 270 Pima samples tested. All the remaining were classified as Tf C except two Tf B:C from mixed-bloods.All samples tested for Vel, Yta, Cop, Sav, and Hemoglobin (A) showed the maximum frequency (1.000) for their genes.The following antigens were completely absent: Lu", Mia, Vw, Mta, p, Pk, r y (CdE), K, and Wr".The results of this study suggests that the Papago tribe presents fewer genes of non-Indian origin than the Pima, and the Maricopa least of the three populations.

Blood specimens were procured from 658 Quechua, 36 Colorado, 233 Jivaro, 244 Cayapa, and 48 Secoya Indians of Ecuador. These were examined for antigens in the A‐B‐O, M‐N‐S‐s, P, Rh‐Hr, Lutheran, K‐k, Lewis, Duffy and Kidd systems and for Diego (Dia), Wright (Wra), and Berrens (Bea) agglutinogens as well. Hemolystes were prepared and studied for hemoglobin types and the serum samples were tested for haptoglobins and transfserrins.Gene frequencies are high for O, M, s, R1, (CDe), R2 (cDE), Lub, k, Kpb, Leb and Fya; and low or absent for A, B, N, S, Mia, Vw, Mta, R0 (cDe), V (ces), Lua, K, Kpa, Lea, Fyb, Jsa, Wra and Bea. The Diego (Dia) gene is present but its frequency varies greatly from tribe to tribe.Gene frequency Hp1 is well within the range previously reported for Indians in Middle America excepting the Colorado in which population the frequency of 0.889 is unusually high.All 723 serum specimens tested for transferrins were C or CD. No D or BC types were found.All Ecuadorian Indian bloods tested electrophoretically contained only hemoglobin (A) as a major component.