No abstract

As a result of technology improvements, various features have been collected for heart disease diagnosis. Large data sets have several drawbacks, including limited storage capacity and long access and processing times. For medical therapy, early diagnosis of heart problems is crucial. Disease of heart is a devastating human disease that is quickly increasing in developed and also developing countries, resulting in death. In this type of disease, the heart normally fails to provide enough blood to different body parts in order to allow them to perform their regular functions. Early, as well as, proper diagnosis of this condition is very critical for averting further damage and also to save patients’ lives. In this work, machine learning (ML) is utilized to find out whether a person has cardiac disease or not. Both the types of ensemble classifiers, namely, homogeneous as well as heterogeneous classifiers (formed by combining two separate classifiers), have been implemented in this work. The data mining preprocessing using Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) has been employed to cope with the imbalance problem of the class as well as noise. The proposed work has two steps. SMOTE is used in the initial phase to reduce the impact of data imbalance and the second phase is classifying data using Naive Bayes (NB), decision tree (DT) algorithms, and their ensembles. The experimental results demonstrate that the AdaBoost-Random Forest classifier provides 95.47% accuracy in the early detection of heart disease.

The multihop underwater acoustic sensor network (M-UASN) collects oceanographic data at different depths. Due to the harsh underwater environment, the route is a major research problem. In this article, the routing path from source to sink is adapted by the vector-based forwarding (VBF) protocol. In VBF, based on the vector size, the packets are transmitted within the pipe from hop to hop. The limitation is that every node inside the pipe vector receives the same packets. That results in a waste of battery energy and, in turn, reduces the lifetime of the acoustic node. To enhance, in this article, it is divided into two parts. The first part is that the first hop nodes from the source are optimally divided into subsets such that all the second hop nodes will receive packets from each subset. This optimal route cover subset is identified with an evolutionary memetic algorithm. The election of subset is done through a voltage reference model, and the battery voltage is modeled mathematically and the role of the nodes is given based on the voltage profile and Markov probability approach. This method enhances the lifetime of the underwater acoustic network when compared with the VBF algorithm. The proposed model also provides improved throughput and equal load sharing. The results are compared with VBF, quality-of-service aware evolutionary routing protocol (QERP), and multiobjective optimized opportunistic routing (BMOOR).

An index for reporting air quality is called the air quality index (AQI). It measures the impact of air pollution on a person’s health over a short period of time. The purpose of the AQI is to educate the public on the negative health effects of local air pollution. The amount of air pollution in Indian cities has significantly increased. There are several ways to create a mathematical formula to determine the air quality index. Numerous studies have found a link between air pollution exposure and adverse health impacts in the population. Data mining techniques are one of the most interesting approaches to forecast AQI and analyze it. The aim of this paper is to find the most effective way for AQI prediction to assist in climate control. The most effective method can be improved upon to find the most optimal solution. Hence, the work in this paper involves intensive research and the addition of novel techniques such as SMOTE to make sure that the best possible solution to the air quality problem is obtained. Another important goal is to demonstrate and display the exact metrics involved in our work in such a way that it is educational and insightful and hence provides proper comparisons and assists future researchers. In the proposed work, three distinct methods—support vector regression (SVR), random forest regression (RFR), and CatBoost regression (CR)—have been utilized to determine the AQI of New Delhi, Bangalore, Kolkata, and Hyderabad. After comparing the results of imbalanced datasets, it was found that random forest regression provides the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) values in Bangalore (0.5674), Kolkata (0.1403), and Hyderabad (0.3826), as well as higher accuracy compared to SVR and CatBoost regression for Kolkata (90.9700%) and Hyderabad (78.3672%), while CatBoost regression provides the lowest RMSE value in New Delhi (0.2792) and the highest accuracy is obtained for New Delhi (79.8622%) and Bangalore (68.6860%). Regarding the dataset that was subjected to the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) algorithm, it is noted that random forest regression provides the lowest RMSE values in Kolkata (0.0988) and Hyderabad (0.0628) and higher accuracies are obtained for Kolkata (93.7438%) and Hyderabad (97.6080%) in comparison to SVR and CatBoost regression, whereas CatBoost regression provides the highest accuracies for New Delhi (85.0847%) and Bangalore (90.3071%). This demonstrated definitely that datasets that had the SMOTE algorithm applied to them produced a higher accuracy. The novelty of this paper lies in the fact that the best regression models have been picked through thorough research by analyzing their accuracies. Moreover, unlike most related papers, dataset balancing is carried out through SMOTE. Moreover, all of the implementations have been documented via graphs and metrics, which clearly show the contrast in results and help show what actually caused the improvement in accuracy.

Today’s modern society mainly depends on Internet for every fundamental task in their life, like sharing thoughts, education, business, and Industry 4.0, etc. Internet has strengthened the base of society digitally. Searching for the reviews and comments for a particular product from the former or present customers has become compulsory for making decision or a purchase, helping them to make a fair deal of the product by view from social media on Industry 4.0. The increased use of data over Internet has led to rise of many e-commerce websites where people can buy things as per their requirement without even stepping out of their house using analysis of text using natural language techniques in Industry 4.0. The graph-based modelling of sentiment analysis classifier needs to divide the textual data into training dataset and testing dataset. First, preprocessing work is performed to improve the data reliability by removing unwanted information and fixing typing errors. To train the models, the whole dataset is used and to measure the classification performance of the categorized models 10-fold validation technique is being used. The paper proposes a combined hybrid model for sentiment analysis using CNN and independent bidirectional LSTM networks to enhance sentiment knowledge in order to address the issues mentioned for sentiment analysis. The proposed CNN model uses global max-pooling for retrieving context information and to downsample the dimensionality. Lastly, to acquire long term dependencies, a distinctive bidirectional LSTM is used. To emphasise each word's learning ability, parts-of-speech (PoS) are tagged in the LSTM layer. In addition, the regularization techniques, batch normalization, and dropout are used to prevent the overfitting issue. The proposed model is compared with a collaborative classifier with six classifiers and each of them predicts the sentiments separately, and the majority class prediction is taken under consideration. The proposed Bi-LSTM CNN model achieves an accuracy of 98.61% along with PoS tagging of the sentiments.