This literature review covers journal articles related to biosolids and sludge management that were published in 1999. The main topics covered include regulations and planning, reduction of biosolids and sludge production, biosolids and sludge characteristics, thickening, conditioning and dewatering, thermal processes, land application, alternative uses for biosolids, disposal, and articles relating to overall biosolids programs. REGULATIONS AND PLANNINGEpstein and Wu (1999) described proposed revisions to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) guidance document "Environmental Regulations and Technology: Control of Pathogens and Vector Attraction in Sewage Sludge". Proposed changes relate to additional information on pathogens in the environment; site restrictions; meeting VAR regulations; composting guidelines; storage and product mixing; testing frequency and methodology; and the role of the Pathogen Equivalency Committee. Baturay (1999b) stated that the U.S. EPA has recently been considering further regulating biosolids incinerators under Sec. 129 or 112 of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, or imposing additional regulations under 40 CFR 503. The strictest proposal would require facilities to implement the maximum achievable control technology, or the average emissions from existing incinerators would have to be no more that that achieved by the best performing 12% of all incinerators. Thus, there are concerns about the