Background:Bronchial wash cytology of lung lesions is a non/minimally invasive procedure utilized for diagnosis of pulmonary lesions.Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of bronchial wash cytology in the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary lesions and assess the role of morphometry in categorizing dysplastic/malignant lesions.Materials and Methods:All cases of bronchial wash cytology received from January 2006 to June 2010 were retrieved and reviewed. Cases with adequate clinical data or a subsequent biopsy were selected for the study and cytodiagnosis was correlated with available clinical details. Morphometry was done on alcohol fixed hematoxylin and eosin stained cytosmears using computer assisted Image Pro software.Results:One hundred and seventy-six cases of the 373 cases of bronchial cytology received were included for the study. Bronchial wash cytology technique showed high specificity. Cytohistopathology correlation showed 62.06% concordance rate. Cells from normal epithelium, reactive atypia, neoplastic atypia, squamous metaplasia, non-small cell and small cell carcinoma showed a mean nuclear diameter of 7.4 μm, 11.7 μm, 13.9 μm, 13.0 μm, 10.7 μm, and 17.7 μm, respectively, which was statistically significant with P < 0.05. Multiple comparisons between various groups using analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests also showed remarkable statistical significance.Conclusions:Bronchial wash cytology has low sensitivity in detecting pulmonary lesions. It can be of value in patients with contraindication for biopsy. Morphometry can be a useful adjunct to cytomorphology, especially in situations where biopsy is contraindicated.

Ancient schwannoma is a distinctive type of schwannoma occurring mostly in the retroperitoneum. The presentation in the posterior mediastinum is rare. The term ‘ancient’ represents a group of neurogenic tumours showing degenerative changes with marked nuclear atypia. A 26-year-old man was incidentally detected to have an upper mediastinal mass lesion in the chest X-ray. MRI chest revealed a mixed signal intensity lesion in the left side upper para spinal region of the posterior mediastinum. The patient underwent left posterior thoracotomy and excision of the mass was done. Postoperative period was uneventful. The histopathological feature was typical of Ancient schwannoma. The patient is on regular follow-up and disease free until.

Background Breast hemangiomas are benign vascular lesion occurring within breast tissue. The main aim of this case report revolves around the importance of follow-up and excision of these benign lesions since they carry the risk of future malignancy. We report herein a histopathologically confirmed case of breast hemangioma diagnosed at routine sonomammogram. Case presentation A 58-year-old female presented with skin discoloration and vague mass in the lateral aspect of the left breast for one month. Physical examination, mammography and ultrasonography along with histopathological correlation have been carried out which helped us to arrive at the diagnosis of breast hemangioma. Conclusion For lesions with conclusive evidence of benignity in core needle biopsy, follow-up imaging is ideal and for those cases with atypical radiological and pathological findings, a complete surgical resection is mandatory in order to exclude the possibility of an underlying angiosarcoma.

To study the various pathological patterns of pediatric lupus nephritis (LN) by renal biopsies and to correlate the histopathological data with the clinical and biochemical outcomes. MethodsThis is a retrospective study in children between 1 month and 18 years of age with renal biopsy-proven lupus nephritis, conducted between January 2015 and December 2019. Various pathological and clinical parameters were compared between the groups with lupus nephritis activity and those without activity. ResultsOf 38 biopsy-proven lupus nephritis cases, 30 (78.9%) were in the adolescent age group, and the female gender was predominantly affected (n=30; 78.9%). Class IV proliferative lupus nephritis (n=17, 44.7%) was the most common biopsy finding, and the activity score for endocapillary hypercellularity, neutrophil infiltration, fibrinoid necrosis, hyaline deposits, and interstitial inflammation was significantly high in classes III and IV. Overall, attaining remission was less, and the risk of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was higher in class IV (n=3; 7.8%). Mortality was reported in 1 out of 38 (2.6%) children. ConclusionLight microscopy and immunofluorescence studies play an important role in defining the extent of renal damage in the form of activity and chronicity indices, which are the key factors in the decision-making of lupus nephritis treatment. The prognostic relevance of the histological scoring has been evaluated, and it is evident that the activity index and chronicity index go a long way in therapeutic intervention.

Introduction: Reduced expression of E-cadherin, an intercellular junction protein, is associated with differentiation and metastasis of multiple cancers, including colorectal cancer.Aim: To investigate the utility of the immunohistochemistry of E-cadherin as a prognostic marker for colorectal cancer (CRC).Material and methods: Immunohistochemical analysis for E-cadherin was performed on 100 paraffin blocks retrieved from resected specimens of CRC patients. The collected data were statistically analysed.Results: Among the 100 patients, men comprised 58% and the majority had tumour size of 5-10 cm (55%). Grade II CRC was more common (74%) than grade I and III (13% each). The correlation of E-cadherin expression with lymph node involvement was statistically significant, as revealed by p-value < 0.01, with about 27% in N1 and 13% in N2 stage. E-cadherin expression was significantly correlated with tumour differentiation pattern (p < 0.01), wherein out of 13 poorly differentiated carcinomas, 38.5% and 30.5% of samples showed negative and weak E-cadherin staining, respectively.Conclusions: Furthermore, a shift from membranous E-cadherin staining in normal cells to cytoplasmic and mixed staining was observed in cancer cells. The study indicates that immunohistochemical E-cadherin expression has prognostic value, as revealed by its loss of expression in poorly differentiated cells and lymph node metastasis.