No abstract

In San Francisco, a city with a great deal of acceptance surrounding HIV and a large, politically active community of persons living with HIV, gay men continue to struggle with disclosure and stigma. This stigma may be an unexpected result of a high degree of HIV testing and attempts by both HIV-positive and negative gay men to practise serosorting.

Using self-report measures, this survey study explored the relationship between internalized shame and both lesbian identity integration and attachment styles. Compared to other research, this U.S. sample of 317 highly educated, mid-life, mostly European-American self-identitied lesbians reported higher levels of internalized shame, lesbian identity integration, and dismissing attachment. As predicted, shame scores decreased as lesbian identity integration increased. Likewise, high levels of secure attachment were associated with less shame while high levels of fearful and preoccupied attachment were associated with greater shame. Contrary to prediction, high levels of dismissing attachment were associated with greater shame. These results suggest the pervasive effects of shame even for a sample of educationally and occupationally successful lesbians.

No abstract

Ten normal adult speakers produced the alveolar consonants /t, d, n, s, z/ in VCV bisyllables embedded in a carrier sentence. The stimulus consonants were produced in the symmetrical contexts /j/ and /a/ under voiced and whispered speaking conditions. Spectrographic analysis of steady-state portions of vowels and closure and constriction durations for consonants revealed significant durational differences associated with speaking conditions for /t, d, s, z, i, a/. Durational effects for /n/ were nonsignificant. Implications with regard to the Schwartz hypothesis [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 51, 2025–2029 (1972)] that individuals prolong air-arresting articulatory gestures in whispered speech are discussed.