Source of light ions with high intensities The (SILHI) source has been producing proton beams since 1996. The first aim is to produce up to 100 mA cw beams at 95 keV for the injector of protons for high intensity demonstrator. This prototype is developed by a CEA/DSM–CNRS/IN2P3 collaboration for applications such as accelerator driven systems for nuclear waste transmutation, production of radioactive ion beams, or secondary particles. To measure installation reliability, continuous 5 day long runs have been performed. In October 1999, a 99.96% availability was achieved with a single short beam off and a 103 H uninterrupted beam. A new extraction system leads to lower beam losses and higher LEBT transparency. SILHI now produces a 95 keV–130 mA total beam with a proton fraction higher than 80%. Up to a 157 mA (247 mA/cm2) total cw beam has been extracted. The new EPICS control system, electromagnetic interference hardened devices and automatic control procedures now allow us to do longer runs. To analyze the reliability of these upgrades, a 4 week test was planned. In the framework of the International Fusion Material Irradiation Facility project CEA participation, 135 mA–95 kV deuteron pulsed beams were produced. Extraction simulations and recent SILHI results are also presented. In addition, a new test bench has been recently developed to analyze H− beam production.

Abstract. SILHI (High Intensity Light Ion Source) is an ECR ion source producing high intensity proton or deuteron beams at 95 keV. It is now installed in the IPHI site building, on the CEA/Saclay center. IPHI is a front end demonstrator of high power accelerator. The source regularly delivers more than 130 mA protons in CW mode and already produced more than 170 mA deuterons in pulsed mode at nominal energy. The last beam characterisations, including emittance measurements, space charge compensation analysis and diagnostic improvements, will be reported. Taking into account the SILHI experience, new developments are in progress to build and test a 5 mA deuteron source working in CW mode. This new source will also operate at 2.45 GHz and permanent magnets will provide the magnetic configuration. This source, of which the design will be discussed, will have to fit in with the SPIRAL 2 accelerator developed at GANIL to produce Radioactive Ion Beams. The H -test stand status is briefly presented here and detailed in companion papers.

Efficiency and transient time studies of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source for radioactive ion beam production at ISAC/TRIUMF Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 946 (2000)Design of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source for the isotope separator and accelerator at TRIUMF Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 643 (2000)The high intensity light ion source ͑SILHI͒ is the electron cyclotron resonance ͑ECR͒ source constructed and tested at CEA-Saclay. The first aim is to produce up to 100 mA cw proton beams at 95 keV for the proton injection high intensity ͑IPHI͒ beams ͓5 MeV radio frequency quadrupole ͑RFQ͒ and 10 MeV drift tube linac ͑DTL͔͒. This prototype is developed by a CEA-CNRS-IN2P3 collaboration for applications such as accelerator driven systems for nuclear waste transmutation, production of radioactive ion beams or secondary particles. SILHI is also used to study the production of deuteron and H Ϫ beams for the International Fusion Material Irradiation Facility and European spallation source projects, respectively. The present status of SILHI and the experiments planned for the near future in both cw and pulsed modes are presented in this article. 80 mA cw proton beams are now currently produced at 95 keV with a high availability ͑ϳ1 spark/day͒. The proton fraction is around 90% and the typical r -rЈ rms normalized emittance after transport through a single solenoid low energy beam transport ͑LEBT͒ without beam losses is 0.3 mm mrad. The best beam characteristics are obtained when an ECR zone is created at the frontier between the plasma chamber and the rf ridged transition. Extensive emittance measurements performed with different gas injection in the LEBT have shown a factor of three emittance reduction. Space charge compensation measurements in cw mode will be undertaken with a four-grid analyzer to understand this behavior. Time resolved space charge compensation measurements in pulsed mode are also discussed. The highest total beam current of 120 mA ͑240 mA/cm 2 ͒ can be extracted with two ECR zones located at the plasma chamber extremities. Nevertheless a new electrode design must be done for this configuration to avoid excessive beam losses in the extraction system.

International audienceIn France, the Spiral 2 project dedicated to radioactive beam production is based on a 40 MeV continuous wave (cw) deuteron Linac. This installation will allow extending the variety of accelerated particles to very heavy elements. Such beams will open research domains for the GANIL facility. To inject the requested 5 mA deuteron beam into the Spiral 2 Linac, the performance of the high intensity light ion source (SILHI) allowed us to propose such an electron cyclotron resonance source. SILHI, developed at CEA/Saclay, regularly produces high intensity (over 100 mA) proton or deuteron beams through a $\Phi$ 9 mm aperture. So for this project, the main modifications of the source design concern the permanent magnets which provide the axial magnetic configuration and the $\Phi$ 3 mm aperture. The source produced its first beam (proton) in 2004. This article will report the beam characterization while the source produced $D^+$ beam with intensity as high as 7.0 mA. Recently, this permanent magnet source has been equipped with the $\Phi$ 9 mm plasma electrode. So high intensity proton beams reaching more than 100 mA are now extracted from this source