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The quantum Hall effect (QHE) is a phenomenon visible in Hall effect measurements on a two-dimensional electron gas in strong magnetic fields and at low temperatures. The experimental results on such systems in the limit of zero temperature demonstrate that the Hall resistance RH as a function of the magnetic field B shows plateaux with plateau values which are, within the experimental uncertainty, independent of the material, the geometry of the device, and other parameters. For an ideal system RH depends exclusively on fundamental constants, but for real experiments corrections may be necessary which are important, if the QHE is applied in metrology.

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