X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to characterize the hydroxylated oxide film on iron surfaces. The composition of the films and its transformations for eighteen specimens prepared by ex situ techniques and simulating various conditions of hydroxylated oxide layer formation were examined. A model of hydroxylated oxide multilayer film formation on iron was proposed. Quantitative analysis procedures of its composition and hydroxyl group population determination were given.Anion and cation exchange experiments at the specimen surfaces in solutions at different values of pH followed by x-ray photoelectron analysis of the surface compositions were employed for the estimation of acid-base properties.

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Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and factor analysis (FA) were applied to study the chemical structure of oxidized brass layers and rubber-to-brass interface of tyre cords. The optimum requirements of sample preparation, instrument performance, data acquisition and analysis were determined to ensure accurate quantitative data. The elemental and chemical depth profiles of oxidized brass layers plated on steel cord and rubber-to-brass interface for standard vukanization techlogy and after ageing were obtained.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to study the hydroxylated oxide layer formation on pure iron and their acid-base properties. Eighteen samples prepared ex situ were examined. A model of hydroxylated oxide multilayer structure formation and quantification of its composition were proposed. An assumption on the formation of different hydroxyl group species was made. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and ion exchange experiments at the sample surface in solution containing K + at different values of pH were used for estimation of acid-base properties.