Introduction: All components of the power supply system are sources of electric and magnetic fields of industrial frequency of 50 Hz, both posing risks to human health. Estimation of predicted magnetic field levels from switchboards and transformers inside buildings is challenging and implies the importance of full-scale measurements of electromagnetic fields from built-in electrical equipment. Objectives: To establish the levels of 50 Hz electromagnetic fields during operation of built-in electrical installations in industrial, public, and residential premises. Materials and methods: We studied 50 Hz electromagnetic fields generated by electrical installations located in buildings. EMF levels were measured near transformers, switchboards, and switchgear. The electromagnetic situation in the rooms above the electrical equipment was investigated. The assessment of EMF levels was carried out in accordance with the current hygienic standards. Results: The intensity of electric fields near the equipment and in the surveyed premises was significantly lower than that of magnetic fields. The excess of maximum permissible levels at workplaces of operators servicing EMF sources in residential buildings was not detected. In the rooms of public buildings located above electrical installations, measured values of magnetic field induction ranged from 0.18 to 31 µT. The intensity of magnetic fields depended on the current load and the distance from EMF sources. Discussion: Electromagnetic field intensity depends on specifications of equipment, current loads, and distances from the sources of electromagnetic fields. Induction of 50 Hz magnetic fields in adjacent rooms may exceed hygienic standards set for residential and public buildings. Additional adverse factors include instability of magnetic fields caused by current load changes and significant magnetic field gradients in premises.

Introduction. Under the regulations for civil aviation aerodromes, aerodrome territories (AT) are established. The analysis of the literature data shows that when considering the hygienic aspects of the operation of airfields, the authors focus on aviation noise and pollutants in the environment.The purpose of the study: to analyze the design documentation for the establishment of the AT of many civil aviation aerodromes to study the effects of electromagnetic fields of the radio frequency range created by antennas of modern transmitting radio engineering objects (TREO). Materials and methods. We studied regulatory documents on the procedure for establishing and using aerodrome territories, radio engineering support for airfields, technical characteristics and operating modes of modern radio equipment, and regulatory documents for ensuring electromagnetic safety of the population. The analysis of the project documentation for the organization of the aerodrome territory on the electromagnetic effects of seven civil aviation airfields was carried out.Results. The study found the electromagnetic environment in an open area to depend on the power of the radio object, the frequency range, the height of the antenna installation, the radiation pattern in the vertical and horizontal plane, and the combination of two survey radars in one position. Sanitary protection zones and restricted areas for communication and navigation facilities are located within the technical territory of the airfield. Zones of restriction of radar objects fall into the seventh subzone of the AT, established by the noise factor.Conclusion. According to regulatory documents, the justification of the boundaries of the seventh subzone of the AT of civil aviation airfields is established by the factor of noise and electro-magnetic effects, and air pollution. The experience of reviewing the project documentation for the establishment of near-aerodrome territories for electromagnetic effects shows that the zone of restriction of powerful radars can influence the formation of the seventh subzone of the AT. If the restriction zones go beyond the boundaries of the aerodrome land plot, then restrictions on the use of real estate objects and activities are imposed on the territories that fall within the zone.

Introduction. The article presents results of a study on the hygienic evaluation of the impact of levels of electromagnetic fields (EMF) from electrical equipment, communications and navigational aids on modern automated ice-breaking vessels to the electromagnetic safety of the crew. Material and methods. The instrumental measurement of EMF levels from power equipment, electronic equipment, computers, were conducted in places of a permanent and temporary stay of the crew watches in parked icebreakers in the port and during sea trials. The assessment of the levels of electromagnetic radiation from the antennas of radio relay stations (radar) was conducted using the forecasting parameters of the EMF. Results. Onboard computers, marine electrical, communications and radar transmitters do not create electromagnetic fields exceeding the RC in crew workplaces of ship premises. Levels of EMF SHF range generated by RADAR antennas on the open deck, also do not exceed RC. Electromagnetic fields exceeding the RC are registered at work communications transmitters VHF, MF/HF on the decks of the installation of antennas transmitting devices. Discussion. There is a relevant matter of the protection of the crew from the EMF generated by the antennas of modern radars. Evaluation of the EMF RADAR intensity is only possible on the basis of data on forecasting levels of the electromagnetic radiation. To protect the crew from the EMF generated by antennas means the marine radio and RADAR on open decks should implement measures to limit exposure time to install warning signs and placards. Conclusions. There is required the improvement of normative-methodical documents in the field of the protection of the crew from the EMF. You must create a measurement technique for recording the intensity of electromagnetic radiation from the radar. Research data can be used for the development of science-based sanitary-epidemiological requirements for electromagnetic safety of the crew.

Introduction.Performing complex design operations on the screen of personal computers (PC) makes serious demands on the state of the visual system of users, which determined the need to study the impact of intense activity on the function of vision.The aim of the studyis to study the impact of activities from the PC on the functional state of the visual analyzer in persons performing intense visual work in the dynamics of the working day.Materials and methods.A group of professional PC users performing design work, including the solution of complex and important tasks, is examined. We studied the nature of the work of employees in terms of interest of the visual analyzer. Measurements of lighting parameters at workplaces of PC users were carried out. Dynamic observations of the state of the functions of the visual organ of the examined persons were made.Results.PC users performed accurate visual work, solved complex tasks, the time of work with the screen was more than 7 hours during the working day. The organization of lighting and lighting indicators in the workplace meet the standards. The study of the functions of the visual analyzer showed an extension of the simple sensorimotor reaction time in the first half of the working day by 11.1%, by the end of the work — by 25.0%. Visual performance according to the Landolt test by the number of viewed signs and errors significantly decreased during the working day. The decrease in color sensitivity in the dynamics of the working day extended to all the colors presented, there was no complete restoration of color differentiation during the lunch break. By the end of the work, the increase in color separation thresholds was 33.5–39.0%. The change in the condition of visual functions according achromatic disperarii and sensorimotor reactions depending on the duration of the work. After the first hour of work develops eyestrain, increasing the duration of work with the PC leads to a further change in the functions of vision, increasing fatigue. Correlation analysis showed a direct relationship between the duration of work and the deterioration of functions.Conclusions.The results of the study show the development of visual fatigue, reduced color sensitivity, change in the speed of processingof visual information. An important role for the preservation of visual and overall performance is the organization of labor: theintroduction of breaks after each hour of work will reduce the rapid development of vision fatigue. Periodic medical examinations playan important role in the prevention of morbidity. Awareness of users about the adverse factors of working conditions and workflowwhen using a PC is alsorelevant.

Introduction. The real electromagnetic situation in a residential area in the process of power supply network operation and health status assessment of population living in the vicinity of overhead transmission lines (OTL) of various voltages and transformer substations (TS) are of current interest. The effect of 50 Hz electric fields (EF) and magnetic fields (MF) on human health has not been sufficiently studied. Material and Methods. Measurement and assessment of 50 Hz EF and MF levels generated by 35, 110 and 220 kV OTL and by 6 kinds of closed-type transformer substations were carried out. Chronic overstrain index was used to assess population health status. Questionnaire study data among residents in the vicinity of 110-220 kV OTL were used for calculation of chronic overstrain index. Results. Closed-type transformer plants don’t generate EMF or exceed 50 Hz EF or MF health standards (HS). Electric field intensity levels exceeding HS were registered under 110 and 220 kV OTL. EMF health standards were not exceeded at a distance of 2 m from 110 kV OTL and 10 m from 220 kV OTL. Magnetic field induction levels did not exceed maximum allowable levels. Significant levels of chronic overstrain were revealed in residents living at a distance of under 300 m from 110-220 kV OTL. Conclusions. Closed-type transformer substations do not generate 50-Hz EMF exceeding health standards. Compliance with the electrical safety requirements of overhead transmission lines (overhead line safety zones) provides compliance with the maximum allowable levels of 50 Hz electric and magnetic fields. Population health risk assessment study among the population in the vicinity of OTL is relevant.