Purpose: To study the condition of the reproductive system of the male rats at three generations (F1–F3) received from irradiated parents and who were exposed daily to the mobile phone (1745 MHz, 8 hours/day) until reaching the age of 6 months. Material and methods: The white rats aged 52–54 days were subjected to electromagnetic exposure from the mobile phone (1745 MHz, 8 hours/day, power density 0.2–20 μW/cm2, x = 7.5±0.3 μW/cm2) for 90 days. The irradiated males and females were then mated in a 1:2 ratio. The females throughout the gestation period (20–21 days) and the offspring (F1) obtained from them continued to be irradiated under the above-mentioned regimen until reaching the age of 6 months. The animals of the 1st generation (males and females) at the age of 4 months mated for the generation of the second generation, and from them in the same way received the offspring of the third generation. The state of the reproductive system of male rats of 3 generations was evaluated at the age of 2, 4 and 6 months. Results: It is established that birth rate at the irradiated animals of three generations authentically falls. This posterity from 8 females makes 53, 86 and 45 % respectively in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd generation of the control group. The electromagnetic effect affected the weight of the testicles and epididymis of rats of three generations, mainly at the age of 4 and 6 months. The mass of testicles increased at animals of the 3 generation at the age of 4 months and at animals of the 3rd generation at the age of 6 months. The mass of epididymis generally increases at animals of 4 months of the F1–F3, but at the age of 6 months in the 1st generation falls, and correlates with a decrease in the number of epididymal spermatozoa. There is also a decrease in the absolute and relative mass of seminal vesicles in irradiated animals of three generations at the age of 2 months. At exposed animals of 3 generations of 2 months there are no significant deviations in the process of spermatogenesis, however at the age of 4 and 6 months there are significant violations of the number of spermatids of different types. In male rats of the 1st generation at the age of 2 and 6 months exposed to EMP in the prenatal and postnatal periods and obtained from irradiated parents, a drop in the number of epididymal spermatozoa is observed, while in the irradiated animals of the 2nd and 3rd generation at the age of 2 months, there is a marked increase in the number of these cells. Their viability is reduced in all age groups (2, 4 and 6 months), which is statistically significant at the age of 2 and 4 months of animals of the 1st generation. In male rats of 1–3 generations at the age of 2 months and in 4 months 2nd generation, there was a significant decreased the concentration of testosterone in the blood serum by 65.8, 43.6, 82.8 and 93.4 %, respectively. Conclusions: The long-term effect of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation from the mobile phone on the body of rats of males and females, leads to a decrease in the birth rate of irradiated animals, which reaches 45 % in the third generation. Significant changes in the studied indicators of the reproductive system of male rats of three generations are revealed, which is reflected in a decrease in the number of epididymal spermatozoa in the 1st generation and in a significant increase in the 2nd and 3rd generation – early puberty, in the fall of their viability and the predominant decrease in the concentration of testosterone in the blood serum.
Цель исследования-изучить влияние ацетил-L-карнитина (7 мг/кг) на репродуктивную систему крыс-самцов Wistar в 1-е и на 30-е сутки после экспозиции от мобильного телефона (1745 МГц, 8 ч в день, 30 дней). Материал и методы. Опыты проводили на крысах-самцах Wistar, которые были разделены на три группы: 1-я-интактный контроль; 2-я-животные, подвергнутые электромагнитной экспозиции от мобильного телефона (1745 МГц, ППЭ 0,2-20 мкВт/см 2 , x̃ = 7,5±0,34 мкВт/см 2 , 8 ч в день, 30 дней); 3-я-крысы, подвергнутые электромагнитному воздействию от мобильного телефона и получавшие ацетил-L-карнитин (7 мг/кг, через день, 30 дней). После декапитации у животных выделяли семенники, эпидидимисы и семенные пузырьки, массу которых оценивали. В суспензии ткани семенника методом проточной цитометрии (Cytomics FC 500, «Beckman Coulter», США) анализировали количественный состав популяции сперматогенных клеток по содержанию ДНК, в том числе: сперматогонии (2С), сперматоциты в S-фазе, сперматоциты I порядка (4С), круглые (1С), удлиненные (НС1) и продолговатые сперматиды (НС2). Определяли количество сперматозоидов, выделенных из эпидидимиса, их жизнеспособность, индекс DFI (фрагментация ДНК), число апоптотических и некротических клеток и содержание фруктозы в семенных пузырьках. Результаты. Электромагнитное воздействие от мобильного телефона (1745 МГц, 8 ч в день, 30 дней) вызывает повышение массы семенных пузырьков, изменяет процесс сперматогенеза, оказывает негативное влияние на количественные и качественные показатели эпидидимальных сперматозоидов. Введение ацетил-L-карнитина (7 мг/кг) облученным крысам приводит к повышению относительной массы семенников, восстановлению количества сперматозоидов и их жизнеспособности, снижению индекса DFI, а в отдаленном периоде-к уменьшению числа апоптотических клеток, не влияя на количество некротических клеток, и повышает уровень фруктозы в семенных пузырьках. Выводы. Введение ацетил-L-карнитина (7 мг/кг) сопровождается нормализацией большинства исследуемых функциональных показателей эпидидимальных сперматозоидов облученных крыс, что указывает о перспективности его использования для защиты мужской репродуктивной системы при электромагнитном облучении в диапазоне мобильной связи.
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