In this paper, we propose to establish a remote sensing-based agricultural drought indicator named Agricultural Drought Condition Index (ADCI) that will detect agricultural drought linked mainly to millet crops in the agricultural area of Niger. It is obtained by combining four key parameters: Precipitation Condition index (PCI), Evapotranspiration Condition Index (ETCI), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI). PCI is used to reflect precipitation deficit (Du et al., 2013), VCI is used to reflect variations in the health status of vegetation, TCI is used to identify vegetation stress produced by high temperatures or excessive humidity and ETCI is used to reflect crop shortage. ADCI is calculated over the crop growth period (June to October) from 2003 to 2017 in the agricultural area of Niger. Then, a comparison analysis between the ADCI results and the millet crop yield was carried out. Based on these results, ADCI shows a very statistically significant correlation with the millet crop yield throughout the millet growth period (June-October) and it is strongly correlated with the VHI index but provided better drought conditions then VHI. This new index is quite powerful and capable to identify and monitor the agricultural drought related to the cultivation of millet.

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