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Chest radiographs, full lung tomography and computed tomography of the chest provide increasing sensitivity for evaluation of pulmonary metastases. Pulmonary nodules of 5-10 mm diameter are detectable with increasing frequency by use of high kilovoltage chest radiographs. Full lung linear tomography provides an overall accuracy of 72-97% in diagnosis of pulmonary nodules. Chest CT delineates pulmonary nodules as small as 3 mm within 10 mm slice sections. However, as sensitivity increases, specificity diminishes in identifying metastatic nodules. Sensitivity in CT is also reduced by false negative findings due to unequal respiratory cycles. Comparative radiologic-pathologic evaluation of nodule detection proved CT to be the most sensitive screening method for pulmonary metastases. Timing of follow-up studies for pulmonary nodule detection in cancer patients can be determined by tumor growth kinetics; 3-6 month intervals proved to be useful.

Ethical issues in group therapy with family members are reviewed. The central focus is concentrated on (1) effects of this form of therapy on family solidarity and intrafamily relationships and (2) the special features in the doctor‐patient relationship. The paper also touches on relevant counter‐transference factors masked by some ethical objections.

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