The history of techniques for abdominal equine cryptorchidectomy is briefly reviewed. The technique of suprapubic paramedian laparotomy as used since 1955 at the University of Liverpool veterinary field station is described in detail and an account given of the authors' experience with the technique in nearly 200 cases. It is concluded that the approach to the abdominal cavity is easy, that the testis itself is generally readily located and removed and that controlled repair of the incision is possible. Serious post-operative complications are rare and the danger of post-operative prolapse of bowel eliminated.

Volvulus is one of the rarer conditions of the intestinal tract which produces ileus. The case herein described is of unusual interest because of the nature of the onset and the portion of the intestine involved and its position. E. S., a man, aged 62 years, worked for forty years in cotton mills as operator and later as overseer. He has had hemorrhoids and chronic bronchitis for forty-five years, but rarely consulted a physician for these conditions and never for any other. In December, 1915, while digging a path in the snow, he had a sudden attack of pain in the abdomen which disappeared in a few moments. Later, tenderness developed, followed by pain and vomiting. A diagnosis of appendicitis was made. Operation was advised but refused. Two hypodermics of morphin relieved the pain, and after two days' repeated use of high enemas, the bowels began to move. The patient was in bed most of the time for six months thereafter with a marked obstipation, and usually with distention and pain on the left side. He was told that this was due to a "twist of the gut." Since that time he has had more or less tenderness in the abdomen, with increased formation of gas in the stomach and a gradual loss of weight. The present disturbance began June 8. The patient worked in his garden until 10 a. m. The sun was bright and he stopped work because he felt dizzy. Half an hour later he had a copious bowel movement and shortly afterward began to have a sense of discomfort in the abdomen. This increased gradually until 4 p. m., when he went to bed, thereafter spending most of his time in a modified knee-chest position, the assumption of which gave him some relief. Although the same medication was instituted which relieved his first attack, that is, paregoric and high enemas, without hypodermics, however, at midnight the pain became intense and the patient began to vomit. The first enema was colored and brought away a little gas, but the others had no effect. I saw the patient at 2 a. m., when the pulse rate was 70, respiration 28, and temperature 99.5. There was a soft fluctuating mass distending the abdomen on the left side, tender on pressure and tympanitic. A diagnosis of intestinal obstruction was made, probably due to volvulus. Operation was advised, and refused, because of recovery eighteen months before. Threeeighths grain of morphin by hypodermic gave some relief. I saw him again at 8 a. m. and 2 p. m. The condition was unchanged, the patient having dozed at intervals since the hypodermic. Operation was still refused. At 2 p. m. a second hypodermic of one-eighth grain of morphin was given and the family was advised to get another physician in consultation unless consent was given for operation. At 6 p. m. I was asked to come in a hurry as the patient had vomited fecal material. The tumor was still present, pulse 110, respiration 34, temperature 101. Consent was • given for operation.At 7:30 p. m. the patient was opened in the midline. A distended loop of large intestine filled the left side of the abdomen. This was delivered with...