Certain ammonia synthesis conditions lead to nitriding of a relatively thin surface layer of low‐alloyed “hydrogen‐resistant” steels. For reasons of thermodynamic stability of carbides and nitrides this causes a modification of the first, releasing carbon which can effuse from the steel and can react with diffusing hydrogen to form methane. Depending on the level and the direction of the total component stresses, small separations of grains, parallel to the surface, or cracks across the wall may slowly develop. Thus, the Nelson diagram has only limited validity in the case of materials selection for NH3‐containing synthesis gases.
Da das Reibungs‐ und Verschleißverhalten von Werkstoffen durch materialbezogene Kenngrößen nicht sicher charakterisiert werden kann, werden zur Werkstoffvorauswahl fü tribologisch beanspruchte Bauteile zumeist systemspezifische Kennwerte aus Modell‐Verschleißversuchen herangezogen. Model‐Verschleißversuche ermöglichen sowohl das Studium von Mechanismen der Tribologie, als auch die Charakterisierung der tribologischen Eigenschaften eines Werkstoffes. Die Standardisierung der Prüfbedingungen ermöglicht dabei einen Quervergleich unter den verschiedenen Polymerwerkstoffen.
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