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The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (Novosibirsk)

A review of investigations in the physics and technology of ion sources, developed in the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk is presented. Distinctive features of physical processes and technical characteristics of plasma sources of gaseous ions, negative ion surface-plasma sources, electrohydrodynamic (liquid metal) ion sources are considered. In original design plasma sources, ion beams with a current of up to 90 A and energies 1–30 keV are formed by four-electrode multislit extraction systems from highly ionized, high brightness plasma flux, generated by an high-current arc discharge with a cold cathode in a small cross-section diaphragmed channel, and directed with a magnetic field of a special configuration. Plasma jet expansion for a very low ion temperature (0.1 eV) production is used. In surface plasma sources, the fluxes of negative ions are produced when electrons are captured from the electrode surface at the electron affinity level of sputtered and reflected particles. A discharge of a special type in a gas-cesium mixture with in a thin plasma layer between the negative ion emitter and emission holes is used. A number of versions of SPS with different types of discharges are considered: SPS which operate in pulse mode with H− beam current up to 11 A, with current 0.1 A, and high brightness for accelerators, for continuous mode operation. Specific features of physical processes in electrohydrodynamic (EHD) ion emitters are studied and the technology of production of different ions is worked out. The production of ion beams with high brightness from the dielectric melt in the EHD-emission regime is developed. The dynamics of spontaneous oscillation excitation with a quasidiscrete spectrum in the frequency range of up to 108 Hz, transient processes occurring at the emission disturbances, emission stability at low current, a physical model for calculating the emission surface dimensions, and the evolution of the ion momentum distribution function for the ion motion are studied. The utilization of the designed EHD sources in the ion microscope, in submicromachining and in high voltage accelerators are discussed.

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Organic electroluminescence (EL) devices were fabricated using a bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinato) aluminum hydroxide complex [Al(Mq) 2 OH] as the light-emitting material. The device exhibits bright blue EL at a peak wavelength of 485 nm. A maximum luminance of about 14,000 cd/m 2 can be achieved at a driving current density of 480 mA/cm 2 . The efficiency of the device is about 4.6 cd/A. Possible mechanisms of EL blue shift of Al(Mq) 2 OH with respect to Alq 3 are discussed.