We evaluated prospectively 425 consecutive patients with respect to the correlation between the clinical and urodynamic assessment of the symptoms. A disparity between the clinical and urodynamic diagnosis was found in 45 per cent of the patients who were believed to have storage problems, 25 per cent with emptying problems, and 54 per cent with storage and emptying problems on clinical examination. The reasons for these disparities are outlined and a rationale for including urodynamic studies in the evaluation of patients with voiding dysfunction is presented.

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Addition of sodium bicarbonate does not alleviate penile pain associated with injection of prostaglandin E1.

Radiation exposure was studied in 327 patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, or endoscopic papillotomy taking into account fluoroscopy time and incident area exposure. The mean fluoroscopy time was 238 +/- 152 seconds and the incident area exposure 3,730 +/- 2,790 R X cm2. These results were compared with standard exposures in upper GI series and colon examinations as found in the literature.

Seventy-five patients with equivocal neurologic findings were prospectively evaluated to determine the presence or absence of "neurogenic bladder." All were referred by neurologists or neurosurgeons because of their inability to make a definitive diagnosis of neurologic impairment of bladder function. On the basis of sophisticated urodynamic studies, a definite diagnosis of "neurogenic bladder dysfunction" was made in 23% of the patients. In 40%, the findings were equivocal, and in 37%, "neurogenic bladder" was excluded.