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Background: Allophylus cobbe(L.) Raeusch. and Allophylus serratus (Roxb.)Kurz. (Sapindaceae) are medicinal plants traditionally used to cure bone fractures and other ailments in India. Objective: Present work was aimed at the identification of phytochemical compounds from young leaves of A. cobbe and A. serratus by applying gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Method: GC-MS technique was used for analysis of compounds. Results: It indicates 11 compounds from A. serratus and seven compounds from A. cobbe having mixture of terpenoids, alkanes and fatty acids. The major compounds found in A. cobbe were 1,1-diethoxy ethane (82.97%) (RT: 3.192min), phytol (7.07%) (RT: 43.690 min) and hexanoic acid (3.67%) (RT: 29.576 min) while in A. serratus 3-methyl butanol (53.16%) (RT: 3.223 min), 2-propenoic acid, 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester (27.08%) (RT: 13.94 min) and diisocytyl phthalate (4.49%) (RT: 52.584 min) were found in higher quantity. Phytol was detected from both species. Phytol possesses anti-radical, anti-cancer, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties as well as used in artificial synthesis of vitamin E and vitamin K in cosmetics and fragrance industry. Conclusion:The abundant presence of phytol in leaves of Allophylus species (7.07% in A. cobbe and 2.60% in A. serratus) suggests that these species may prove helpful in prevention of degenerative diseases and application of these herbs in cosmetics which may prove a cost effective natural alternative to current synthetic cosmetics. Presence of industrially important chemicals like phytol, 1,1-diethoxy ethane, hexanoic acid, diisocytyl phthalate, 2-propeonic acid, 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester underlines industrial importance of these species which needs further research on this aspect to focus in detail.

The effect of gamma rays on parameters such as chlorophyll mutation frequency and spectrum, mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency and viable mutation frequency and spectrum were studied in M 2 generation of Rhodes grass employing nine doses of gamma rays . The chlorophyll mutation frequency increased in a linear fashion at low and medium doses and was erratic at higher doses . The chlorophyll mutant spectrum included albina, xantha, chlorina, viridis, tigrina, striata, albo-xantha and albo-viridis . The frequency of these mutants varied with treatments . A dose rate of 60 krad was found to be effective as well as efficient both on M I and M 2 plant basis in inducing chlorophyll mutations . The highest frequency of viable mutations was found in 50 krad treatment. Viable mutants found were: nodal variant, peduncle variant, lax ears, coxcomb ears, earhead proliferation, level of fingers, incurved fingers, gappy ears, apical sterility, partial sterility and high sterility .

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Non-arrowing and broad-leaved mutants of Rhodes grass have been isolated following gamma irradiation . The green forage yield in non-arrowing and broad-leaved types were respectively 67 and 171 percent more than the control . Crude protein, nitrogen and calcium fractions nearly doubled in the non-arrowing type and remained approxymately the same in the broad-leaved type over controls .