In recent years, it has become especially vital to identify prognostic risks of health disorders in workers exposed to harmful occupational factors. This is necessary for substantiating an occupational origin of a disease and biomarkers of exposure and for optimizing the occupational risk assessment methodology. The aim of this study was to compare and analyze immunochemical markers of effect (cytokines, heat shock proteins, and neuronal antibodies (AB)) in blood serum of patients with vibration disease (VD) induced by exposure to different types of vi-bration in order to substantiate the most informative diagnostic risk indicators concerning the disease development and clinical course. Cytokines, heat shock proteins, and antibodies to regulatory proteins of nervous tissue were identified in blood by ELISA tests. We established unidirectional statistically significantly more apparent changes in patients who had VD caused by combined exposure to both whole body vibration and local vibration against those who had VD caused by exposure to local vibration only. These changes included hyperactivated pro-inflammatory reactions of the immune response (IL-1β, TNF-α, INFγ), growing concentrations of antibodies to proteins: S-100, MBP, NF-200, GFAP, and voltage-gated Ca-channel. The differences were that patients with VD under combined exposure to both types of vibration had greater production of pro-inflammatory IL-8 and HSP27 whereas people with VD caused by exposure to local vibration only had a decrease in HSP70 levels. The study results confirmed more apparent neuro-immune inflammation in patients with VD caused by combined exposure to both whole body vibration and local vibration. This may indicate more significant risk factors of the disease and gives an opportunity to identify the most sensitive biomarkers eligible for diagnosing VD of different etiogenesis.

To provide consistent functioning of the immune and nervous systems, both in normal conditions and in case of any pathology, is among the most significant functions performed by the cytokine system. It seems important to examine mechanisms underlying the well-coordinated working of the immune system since such studies can give grounds for developing certain criteria applied to assess risks of developing vibration disease (VD) and making prognosis for it. Our research goal was to identify peculiarities related to the balance in the phenotypic composition of lymphocytes and cytokines as risk factors of developing vibration disease. We estimated the phenotypic structure of lymphocytes by indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies to CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, CD20+, CD25+, and CD95+ molecules. IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, and INF-γ cytokines were determined in blood serum with the solid-phase ELISA method. We analyzed cytokine contents in patients with VD and established a statistically significant growth in levels of IL-8 and INF-γ and a decrease in IL-2 contents against the reference group. We also found certain differences in the correlations between lymphocytes and cytokines in patients with VD and healthy people. Thus, in patients with VD, there was a positive correlation between the absolute number of CD3+-lymphocytes and the level of the immune-stimulating IL-2 and a positive correlation between the quantity of CD4+-lymphocytes and IL-4 concentration. At the same time, having examined healthy people from the reference group, we detected a negative correlation between IFNγ and the absolute quantity of CD3+ and CD95+-lymphocytes. Therefore, the risk of developing and progressing vibration disease is to a certain extent associated with its pathogenetic peculiarities based, among other things, on complex functional relationships between lymphocytic phenotypes and pro-anti-inflammatory cytokines. In future this will allow substantiating new biomarkers in the additional VD diagnostics.

To provide consistent functioning of the immune and nervous systems, both in normal conditions and in case of any pathology, is among the most significant functions performed by the cytokine system. It seems important to examine mechanisms underlying the well-coordinated working of the immune system since such studies can give grounds for developing certain criteria applied to assess risks of developing vibration disease (VD) and making prognosis for it. Our research goal was to identify peculiarities related to the balance in the phenotypic composition of lymphocytes and cytokines as risk factors of developing vibration disease. We estimated the phenotypic structure of lymphocytes by indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies to CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, CD20+, CD25+, and CD95+ molecules. IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, and INF-γ cytokines were determined in blood serum with the solid-phase ELISA method. We analyzed cytokine contents in patients with VD and established a statistically significant growth in levels of IL-8 and INF-γ and a decrease in IL-2 contents against the reference group. We also found certain differences in the correlations between lymphocytes and cytokines in patients with VD and healthy people. Thus, in patients with VD, there was a positive correlation between the absolute number of CD3+-lymphocytes and the level of the immune-stimulating IL-2 and a positive correlation between the quantity of CD4+-lymphocytes and IL-4 concentration. At the same time, having examined healthy people from the reference group, we detected a negative correlation between IFNγ and the absolute quantity of CD3+ and CD95+-lymphocytes. Therefore, the risk of developing and progressing vibration disease is to a certain extent associated with its pathogenetic peculiarities based, among other things, on complex functional relationships between lymphocytic phenotypes and pro-anti-inflammatory cytokines. In future this will allow substantiating new biomarkers in the additional VD diagnostics.

In recent years, it has become especially vital to identify prognostic risks of health disorders in workers exposed to harmful occupational factors. This is necessary for substantiating an occupational origin of a disease and biomarkers of exposure and for optimizing the occupational risk assessment methodology. The aim of this study was to compare and analyze immunochemical markers of effect (cytokines, heat shock proteins, and neuronal antibodies (AB)) in blood serum of patients with vibration disease (VD) induced by exposure to different types of vi-bration in order to substantiate the most informative diagnostic risk indicators concerning the disease development and clinical course. Cytokines, heat shock proteins, and antibodies to regulatory proteins of nervous tissue were identified in blood by ELISA tests. We established unidirectional statistically significantly more apparent changes in patients who had VD caused by combined exposure to both whole body vibration and local vibration against those who had VD caused by exposure to local vibration only. These changes included hyperactivated pro-inflammatory reactions of the immune response (IL-1β, TNF-α, INFγ), growing concentrations of antibodies to proteins: S-100, MBP, NF-200, GFAP, and voltage-gated Ca-channel. The differences were that patients with VD under combined exposure to both types of vibration had greater production of pro-inflammatory IL-8 and HSP27 whereas people with VD caused by exposure to local vibration only had a decrease in HSP70 levels. The study results confirmed more apparent neuro-immune inflammation in patients with VD caused by combined exposure to both whole body vibration and local vibration. This may indicate more significant risk factors of the disease and gives an opportunity to identify the most sensitive biomarkers eligible for diagnosing VD of different etiogenesis.