The aim of this study was to determine the effect of smoking on BMI in male adolescents and explore the relationship between smoking status and diet. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study into the health and diet of adolescents was carried out based on a representative sample of 375 vocational school male students aged 16–17 in the city of Chelyabinsk (Russian Federation). The students and their parents filled out verified questionnaires on their socioeconomic status, diet, and smoking status. Students’ height and body weight were measured. A comparative analysis of diets was performed between groups of smokers and non-smokers (149 and 226 individuals, respectively), and the relationship between smoking, body mass index, and actual diet was estimated. The methods used included descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, comparison of proportions, and moving average. Results: Non-smoking adolescent boys tended to have excess body mass compared with smokers (19.0% and 12.1%, respectively). Smokers (adolescent boys) consumed less meat, cereals, beans, and cheeses and more sweet beverages, added sugar, coffee, and alcohol. The bulk of the smokers’ diet was composed of carbohydrates (p = 0.026) and, to a lesser extent, proteins (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Significant differences were discovered in the diet between smokers and non-smokers (among adolescent boys), and smoking was associated with several indicators of unhealthy diet patterns. This is an important conclusion for developing a future program that could additionally protect at-risk groups of adolescents.

We conducted a study among 7–11th grades students of secondary schools in Ekaterinburg by questionnaire method. The purpose was to study the lifestyle, hygienic literacy level and students competence in their own lifestyle assessment. The study group consisted of 5 984 students aged 12–18 years (2 704 boys, 3 280 girls). A high prevalence of behavioral risk factors among schoolchildren has been established: lack of sleep, low physical activity, high duration of self-preparation, reduced outdoor exposure, consumption of psychoactive substances and psychological discomfort. Schoolchildren are characterized by a low level of medical activity and hygienic literacy, lack of skills for self-assessment of lifestyle, and also low awareness of consumption consequences of alcohol, tobacco and narcotic active substances; conjugation between the specified problems and lifestyle of pupils is established. The prevalence of studied risk factors among girls is higher than among boys, the level of hygienic literacy and medical activity is also higher, but the awareness of the consequences of psychoactive substances consumption is lower. With age, the prevalence of most of the studied behavioral risk factors increases, the level of medical activity of school children decreases, but their ability to correctly interpret their lifestyle increases. It is necessary to improve school education programs aimed at preserving and promoting the students health, prevention of risky behaviors and the formation of healthy and safe lifestyle skills, increasing their effectiveness on the basis of a psychosocial approach that combines awareness-raising, the formation of values and skills.

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Introduction. An investigation aimed at studying the modern specific features of the physical development of children of school age of Yekaterinburg city was performed. Material and Methods. Somatic (body length, body weight, chest circumference) and physiometric (vital lung capacity, hand strength) physical development indices of 1378 school students of the city of Yekaterinburg aged from 8 to 16 years were surveyed and studied using the anthropomorphic measurement method (cross-sectional studies). The obtained results were compared with the equivalent physical development results collected from the children within the period between 1894 and 2000, as well as physical development data of school students residing in the large cities of the Russian Federation; Student’s t-test, regression analysis were used. Results. A decline in somatometric indices of the physical development (body length, weight, chest circumference) in all age and gender groups of school students was noted within the period between 1894 and 2017, but the decreased average values of the physiometric parameters, i.e. vital lung capacity, hand strength, were noted from 1985. The average body length and average body weight of school students of the city of Yekaterinburg are not significantly different or higher as compared to the peers residing in the large cities of the Russian Federation. In contrast to the regional physical development standards (as of 2000), each third school student has high or higher than average physical development indices: body length by 26.4%, body weight - 36%, chest circumference - 29.8%; a high incidence of low physiometric parameters was noted: low and lower than average indices of the vital lung capacity are characteristic to 35.1% of school students, hand strength - to 20.4% (right) and 22.9% (left) school students. Conclusion. The obtained results are indicative of the epoch-making changes in the physical development of children of the school age, as well as of certain regional distinguishing features, which may be associated with changes in the social and economic, environmental situation, and life style peculiarities of the modern school students.

Двигательную активность рассматривают как один из основных факторов, определяющих рост и развитие человека, а также обеспечивающих возрастание адаптационных резервов и экономизацию функционирования всего организма [1-3]. Во время мышечной работы активизи