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Background: Subtrochanteric femur fractures remain challenging injuries to treat. There is paucity of literature evaluating their outcomes and complications following low-velocity civilian gunshots. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of intramedullary nailing of subtrochanteric femur fractures secondary to low-velocity gunshots.

Although non-surgical management is the mainstay of treatment for non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy, many patients fail to respond to conservative measures. If symptoms persist after an extended period of conservative management, usually at least six months, surgery should be considered. Classically, open surgery was performed with excision of the diseased areas of the tendon. Due to a high rate of complications, as much as 10%, less invasive surgical techniques have been developed and are widely employed with good surgical outcomes and far fewer complications. The reported success rates of open and minimally invasive surgery are comparable and range from 46-100%. Considering the significant morbidity associated with open surgery, minimally invasive surgery is recommended as initial intervention, followed by open surgery if symptoms persist.

Introduction: The wound complication rate for open reduction and internal fixation of calcaneus fractures through the extensile approach is 30%. Due to this high rate of wound complications, many surgeons prefer conservative management. If post-traumatic arthritis develops, the clinical results of a subtalar fusion are better if the posterior facet is reduced and the shape of the calcaneus restored. The sinus tarsi approach utilises a much smaller incision and indirect reduction techniques limiting the need for a large incision while still providing good exposure of the posterior facet for anatomic reduction.The purpose of this study is to present the technique for open reduction and internal fixation through a sinus tarsi approach, to assess the adequacy of reduction and the complication rate.