Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a possibly life-threatening syndrome of immune dysregulation and can be divided into primary (hereditary) and secondary forms (including malignancy-associated HLH (M-HLH)). We retrospectively analysed epidemiological, clinical, virological and laboratory data from patients with M-HLH treated at our department between 1995 and 2014. Out of 1.706 haemato-/oncologic patients treated at our department between 1995 and 2014, we identified 22 (1.29%) patients with secondary HLH (1.3–18.0, median 10.1 years; malignancy induced n = 2; chemotherapy induced n = 20). Patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) developed HLH significantly more often than patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) (10/55, 18.2% vs. 6/148, 4.1%, p = 0.0021). As possible viral triggers, we detected BKV (53.8% of the tested patients), HHV-6 (33.3%), EBV (27.8%), CMV (23.5%), ADV (16.7%) and PVB19 (16.7%) significantly more frequently than in haemato-/oncologic patients without HLH. Despite lacking evidence of concurrent bacterial infection, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitotnin (PCT) were elevated in 94.7 and 77.7% of the patients, respectively. Ferritin and sIL2R were markedly elevated in all patients. HLH-associated mortality significantly (p = 0.0276) decreased from 66.6% (1995–2004) to 6.25% (2005–2014), suggesting improved diagnostic and therapeutic management. Awareness of HLH is important, and fever refractory to antibiotics should prompt to consider this diagnosis. Elevated ferritin and sIL2R seem to be good markers, while inflammatory markers like CRP and PCT are not useful to discriminate viral triggered HLH from severe bacterial infection. Re-/activation of several viruses may play a role as possible trigger.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate whether an active intervention to identify patients eligible for a palliative approach changes use of healthcare resources and costs within the final month of life. METHODS: Between 2014 and 2017, physicians systematically identified 1,187 patients who were likely to die within one year and would benefit from early initiation of palliative care. Using propensity score matching, patients in this intervention group were 1:1 matched to non-intervention controls selected from publically-funded provincial administrative data. We compared healthcare resource utilization and costs (in 2017 Canadian dollars) within 30 days prior to death between 629 patients who died within the one-year follow-up and their 629 matched controls. RESULTS: Intervention and control groups were well-balanced in socio-demographics, comorbidities, and previous healthcare utilization. In the last 30 days of life, there was no difference in the proportion of patients who had any emergency department visit, intensive care unit admission, inpatient hospitalization, or opioid dispensation between two groups. However, patients in the intervention group had significantly higher use of palliative services (92.8% vs. 88.4%, p¼0.007) and fewer hospitalizations without a palliative component (13.0% vs. 18.1%, p¼0.013). In the 507 matched pairs with cancer, more patients in the intervention group underwent chemotherapy (12.0% vs. 6.3%, p¼0.002) and palliative radiation (18.7%, vs. 13.2%, p¼0.043). The mean cost-per-patient was $17,231 (95% CI 16,027, 18,436) for the intervention group and $16,951 (95% CI 15,899, 18,004) for controls. The dominant cost driver was inpatient hospitalizations in both groups. The intervention group had significantly higher mean drug ($624 vs. $467, p¼0.004) and home health service ($1750 vs. $1476, p¼0.02) costs. CONCLUSIONS: Routine active identification of palliative care patients does not significantly change overall costs of care, but suggests more appropriate resource and cost distribution for patients in the final month of life.OBJECTIVES: As a result of modern systemic therapies available in several treatment lines, metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC) is becoming a chronic disease. Our study aimed to assess the palliative treatment of mCRC in the last six months of life. We examined the role of active treatments 1, 2, 3 or 6 months before death and summarized the related costs of given periods. METHODS: A retrospective analysis, based on the database of the National Health Insurance Fund of Hungary (NHIF), was conducted for a 5-year period between July 2011 and June 2016. Outpatient, inpatient and pharmaceutical cost data were analyzed. RESULTS: Out of the 11,592 patients included in the analysis, 8,014 received active therapy six months prior to their death. 3,953 patients within two months and 1,853 patients within one month before death received active treatment (26% biological and 74% non-biological). From the 52 chemotherapy protocols available in Hungary for the treatment...

as defined by the PDC (proportion of days covered) ratio. Considering the third agent consumption of the adherent patient population, amongst PI's persistence of DRV was the highest. Assuming 60-day gaps, the 1-year and 5-year persistence was 87% and 51%, respectively, and the median was 1851 days. ConClusions: Due to the development of ARV therapies and understanding their mechanism of action and keeping in mind the perspective of patients, we conclude that the tolerability and simplification of treatment administration could be major aspects of treatment success in real-world settings.