Total Hydrocarbon Concentration in the tissues (gills, muscle and liver) of Clarias gariepinus was determined along the stretch of Taylor creek in Bayelsa State Niger Delta. Seven (7) sample points were selected along the stretch of the Creek and selected spilled sites. Samples were collected in monthly basis from November 2015 to October 2016 and analysed following standard procedures using Spectronic 21D Spectrophotometer. THC were in the order; liver > gills > muscle. Their concentrations ranged from 14.53 mg/kg to 21.53 mg / kg in the liver, 12.20 mg/kg-19.19 mg/kg in the gills and 8.85 mg/kg-10.60 mg/kg in the muscle tissues of Clarias gariepinus. Statistically the values were significant (P<0.05). The results showed that Total Hydrocarbon Concentrations in the studied fauna exceeded the WHO recommended limits of 0.001µg/g for seafood. Hence, consumption of Clarias gariepinus from the Creek should be reduced to prevent adverse health effects on consumers and also anthropogenic activities along the creek and shorelines should be regulated and monitored to prevent further contamination of other aquatic species.

The wetlands of the Niger Delta are home to a wide range of ecosystem services and are rich in biodiversity. The ecosystem services of selected sites along the Imo River, Rivers State were evaluated over the course of a year (April 2021 – March 2022) using structured questionnaires divided into two sections; Socio-economic characteristics of respondents (age group, gender, marital status, religion and occupation) and their perceived ecosystem services of the water bodies aside from fishing. The findings showed that the largest age range of respondents in Kono (25 (50%) fell between 31 and 40 years old, while Opuoko (23 (46%) and Oyigbo’s (27 (67.5%) age range fell between 41 and 50 years old. In Kono, Opuoko and Oyigbo respectively, males (50 (100%), 50 (100%), and 40 (100%) predominated. The majority of respondents were married; Kono 47, (94%), Opuoko 49, (98%), and Oyigbo 37, (92.5%). All respondents at the three selected sites were Christians (Kono 50, (100%), Opuoko 50 (100%), and Oyigbo 40 (100%); the majority of respondents were fishermen (Kono 47, (94%), Opuoko 49 (98%) and Oyigbo (37, (95%). In addition to fishing, respondents believed that Kono’s ecosystems provided transportation, fuel wood production and recreation. Sand mining, fuel wood production, recreation and transportation were the main ecosystem services provided in Opuoko. In Oyigbo the ecosystem provided recreation, fuel wood production and palm wine tapping. In conclusion, the Imo river provides a variety of ecosystem services to its residents; however, some of these services have not been fully utilized. As a result, it is recommended that residents be properly informed about the ecosystem services provided by the river as well as the need for proper monitoring and protection of the ecosystem from deterioration.

The Physical and chemical quality of natural water is essential for the life of aquatic organisms. This study was aimed at investigating the physical and chemical parameters of eight (8) local swamp ponds in the freshwater swamp of Engenni. Physical and chemical parameters of the freshwater swamp ponds were monitored over a period of three months (February-April 2019), During this period, Temperature (℃), Dissolved Oxygen (DO, mg/l), pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC:µs/cm), Total dissolved solids (TDS, mg/l), Salinity (‰), Turbidity (NTU)  and Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were measured in situ. Temperature values did not vary significantly across stations. DO values ranged between 0.55 ± 0.01mg/l and 0.95 ± 0.02mg/l, which was consistently lower than the 5mg/l prescribed to sustain fish health.  pH values ranged from 6.17 ± 0.01 to 6.56 ± 0.01, indicating that the ponds were marginally acidic. Range values for EC (46.60 ± 0.10µs/cm to 156.57 ± 0.06µs/cm) and TDS (30.13 ± 0.12mg/l to 104.07mg/l ± 0.12mg/l) followed the same pattern as they were both highest and lowest in stations V and VII respectively. Salinity values of 0.02 ± 0.01‰ to 0.06 ± 0.0‰ across all stations was indicative of a typical freshwater environment. Turbidity was highest at station VIII. The result obtained from this research suggests that these swamp ponds are capable of sustaining life in the aquatic ecosystem, but only fish species that are low oxygen tolerant may survive in them.