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Participants were greeted at the plenary session of the Congress by President of the Association of Steelmakers K. L. Kosyrev, Executive Director of the Severskii Pipe Plant M. V. Zuev, Chief Federal Inspector A. E. Berezovskii, and Lead Engineer at the United Metallurgical Company A. A. Klachkov.The scientific and technical reports presented in this session reflected the current state of international and Russian metallurgy and the growth prospects of the metallurgical industry in the near-term.In the report prepared by O. V. Yuzov, A. M. Sedykh, S. Z. Afonin, and T. M. Petrakova, "Trends of Industrial and Economic Indicators," it was noted that after 1990 Russian ferrous metallurgy underwent fundamental changes in the scale of production (Table 1), technical sophistication, and the potential of the sector.The most important indices of companies' performance declined significantly during the 1990s. The watershed year was 2000. The volume of investment in the industry grew to more than 1.6 trillion rubles in the period 2000-2013, this amount including roughly 400 billion rubles to reinvigorate and improve pipe production. The same period also saw an improvement in the performance indices of blast furnaces. Average furnace productivity increased 10% and average coke rate decreased 9%. There were also changes in the structure and volume of production of steel (Table 2): the output of BOF steel rose by one-third and the production of steel in electric furnaces increased by a factor of 2.3, while open-hearth (OH) steelmaking experienced a six-fold decline. The volume of steel that was continuously cast grew by a factor of 1.9 and the use of ladle methods of treating steel became more common. The volume of steel treated in ladle-furnace units increased by a factor of 7.5 and the volume of vacuum-degassed steel went up by a factor of 5.5.The industry was also active in renovating and upgrading the equipment used to make rolled products. There were increases in the production of flat-rolled products and cold-rolled sheet. More flat-rolled products were also given coatings, thanks to large investment projects carried out at the Magnitogorsk, Cherepovets, and Novolipetsk combines. In 2000, pipe plants made roughly 73% of their steel in OH furnaces and continuously cast just 8% of this amount. Now, all tube steel is made in electric furnaces and is cast on continuous casters, and all pipe shops are equipped with vacuum-degassing and ladle-

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5Среди многих металлов, используемых в народном хозяйстве, железо и его сплавы -сталь и чугун -занимают особое место, они -основа конструкционных материалов, без них невозможна современная цивилизация. Желе-зо -активный участник процессов восстанов-ления-окисления при производстве чугуна и стали.Под железом понимают химический эле-мент и металл, содержащий от 99,99 до 99,999 % Fe, остальное -примеси. К свойст-вам чистого железа приближается сталь типа IF (Interstitial Free), в которой ферритная матрица свободна от атомов внедрения. Сталь содержит 0,0020-0,0035 % С, менее 0,03 % Si, (9-13)·10-