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The reaction 16O(γ,π+)16N has been studied in the distorted wave impulse approximation (DWIA) using the free-nucleon photopion amplitude. The nuclear distortion effects on the emitted pion and also the effect of nuclear structure are investigated in detail. The effect of nuclear distortion is found to be small at lower energies but is of great importance resulting in large absorption of pions around the (3,3) resonance. Using realistic nuclear wave functions, it is found that the DWIA yields cross sections in fair agreement with the experimental data at γ-ray energies above 230 MeV but higher values at lower energies.

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A comprehensive clinical study on the effects of various aviation stresses on soft and semisoft contact lenses was carried out to find out their compatibility in aviation environment. Twenty subjects (11 aircrew and 9 non air-crew) participated in the study. Twelve of them were given soft lenses of water contents of 38%, 50% and 78% and rest 8 were given semisoft lenses of daily wear and extended wear type. The environmental trial consisted of exposure to hypoxia, rapid decompression, acceleration, pressure breathing, vibration and high temperature. On successful completion of environmental trials on ground simulators, the inflight trials on high performance aircraft, transport aircraft, passenger aircraft and helicopters were conducted. The soft lenses with low, medium and high water contents and extended wear semisoft lenses (large diameter) were found compatible with all types of aircraft flying.