OBJECTIVE: MATERIALS AND To study the clinical prole and visual outcome of ocular chemical injuries. METHODS : The study involves cases of ocular chemical injury. Detailed history regarding the injury was taken . The visual acuity was assessed. Slit-lamp, direct, and indirect ophthalmoscopes were used to perform a thorough eye examination. Roper Hall classication was used for clinical grading. Other ocular investigations were carried out if needed. A total of 57 eyes from 49 patients RESULTS : were included in this study. Lower socioeconomic groups have a higher rate of chemical injuries. Alkali injuries (65%) were more common than acid injuries (35 percent ). The most common etiological agent was calcium carbonate (30%). The majority of chemical injuries were unilateral (72 percent ). A large percentage of patients (49%) are in grade 1 and a small percentage are in grade 4 (5 percent ). The majority of individuals with grade 1 chemical injury had visual acuity greater than 6/12. The nal visual acuity is determined by the initial grading and visual acuity; the higher the grade, the lesser are the chances of signicant visual improvement. CONCLUSION : Early presentation with good presenting visual acuity is associated with a favourable structural and visual prognosis as well as fewer complications. Lower grades of injury had a better nal visual outcome. Alkali injuries in grades 3 and 4 are more severe than acid injuries

Type-1 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease resulting from autoimmune disorder involving the pancreas which causes selective destruction of beta cells responsible for insulin production. Multiple genetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of type-1 diabetes mellitus. Management involves insulin administration and strict glycemic control. In this study 100 patients of type-1 diabetes were studied for retinopathy changes during a period of 2 years from December 2019 to December 2021. The age of onset of disease was noted and fundus examination was done with indirect ophthalmoscope or by using 90D lens. Laboratory workup including fasting and post-prondial blood sugars and HbA1C levels. The incidence and severity of diabetic retinopathy and clinically signicant macular edema (CSME) was noted and found to be associated with increased duration of diabetes and poor glycemic control.

Retinopathy of prematurity is a disease of retinal vasculature seen in preterm babies. Though oxygen administration was considered as the major cause for ROP in the earlier days, it is now well known that ROP is a multifactorial disease. ROP is considered as one of the major causes for preventable childhood blindness wordwide. A hospital based study was conducted on 100 babies attending ROP screening in Regional Eye Hospital, Kurnool from November 2019 to October 2021. Detailed birth history and history of risk factors were noted and dilated fundus examination was done with indirect ophthalmoscopy with the aid of eye speculum and scleral depressor. Screening and follow-up schedule was done according to ETROP guidelines. 24 babies showed ROP in various stages among which 6 needed treatment and 18 showed regression of ROP on subsequent follow-up's. The collected data was analysed to know the signicance of association of various risk factors to ROP.

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