We examined Wada memory and neuropsychological memory function in 34 nonlesional patients who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) and who were seizure free at 1-year follow-up. Patients who displayed a decline on verbal memory measures that exceeded 1 SD after left ATL had significantly smaller left/right Wada memory asymmetries than left ATL patients without a significant verbal memory decline. When Wada memory asymmetries were used to predict verbal memory decline after left ATL in individual patients, similar statistically significant effects were present. No significant relationship between Wada memory and postoperative memory was present in right ATL patients, and postoperative memory function was not related to Wada memory performance after either left hemisphere or right hemisphere injection alone. We conclude that Wada memory asymmetries provide one measure of the risk to material-specific decline in verbal memory after left ATL.