RESUMO:A leucemia mielóide aguda (LMA) é um grupo heterogêneo de doenças clonais do tecido hematopoiético, que é caracterizada pela proliferação anormal de células progenitoras da linhagem mielóide, resultando na produção insuficiente de células sanguíneas maduras normais, com a consequente substituição do tecido normal. O diagnóstico de LMA inicia-se a partir de uma suspeita clínica e se baseia na avaliação do sangue periférico e da medula óssea. O objetivo desta revisão é informar aos profissionais da saúde, que embora a morfologia continue sendo o fundamento para o diagnóstico, técnicas adicionais, incluindo imunofenotipagem, avaliação citogenética e estudos de genética molecular, tornaram-se essenciais e, em alguns casos específicos, são ferramentas complementares obrigatórias no auxílio ao diagnóstico. Palavras -Chave: Leucemia mielóide aguda; mielograma; imunofenotipagem; citogenética; biologia molecular. ABSTRACT:Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic tissue disease, which is characterized by abnormal proliferation of myeloid lineage progenitor cells, resulting in an insufficient production of normal mature blood cells, with the consequent normal tissue replacement. The diagnosis of AML begins from a clinical suspicion and based on the assessment of peripheral blood and bone marrow. The objective of this review is to inform health professionals, although the morphology remains the principal for diagnosis, additional techniques, including immunophenotyping, cytogenetic evaluation and molecular genetic studies have become essential and specific in some cases and are complementary tools at diagnosis.
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