Aim:To evaluate the role of hysteroscopic endometrial injury and its timing prior to embryo transfer in patients undergoing IVF (in vitro fertilization) treatment. Materials and methods:A total of 133 patients who underwent hysteroscopy at CIMAR Fertility Centre at Kochi, between January 2013 and December 2014, and had normal hysteroscopic findings were enrolled for the study. These women subsequently underwent IVF treatment and were evaluated in three groups based on the timing of hysteroscopy before embryo transfer: Group I -hysteroscopy performed 50 days or less before embryo transfer (n = 54), group II -hysteroscopy performed between 51 days and 6 months of embryo transfer (n = 45), and group III -hysteroscopy performed more than 6 months before embryo transfer (n = 34). Results:The implantation rates were 21.8, 22.6, and 21.6% in groups I, II, and III respectively. Overall pregnancy rates were 44.4, 48.9, and 44.1%. Clinical pregnancy rates (CPR) were 40.7, 46.7, and 44.1% and live birth rates (LBR) were 30, 29, and 26% in groups I, II, and III respectively. Thus the implantation rate, overall pregnancy rate, and CPR were not significantly different in the three groups. Conclusion:Hysteroscopic endometrial injury prior to IVF does not improve the pregnancy rate in patients with normal hysteroscopic findings.Clinical significance: Due to the lack of definitive evidence regarding the role of hysteroscopic endometrial injury, ideal technique, and its timing prior to embryo transfer, it is necessary to evaluate the role of endometrial injury as a fertility treatment in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles, as well as to present it in a way that supports clinical practice. At this stage, there is little evidence to support hysteroscopic endometrial injury prior to embryo transfer as a standard of care, and its use should be limited to selected cases after careful deliberation between the medical team and patient. ijifm ORiGiNAL RESEARCH