The prognosis of screened women presenting with breast cancer is unrelated to dense mammographic parenchymal pattern despite an excess of interval cancers and larger screening-detected tumors in this group. These data support the mammographic screening of women with dense parenchymal patterns.

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Objectives To investigate the hypothesis that interval cancers arising soon after the previous screen and true interval cancers are biologically aggressive and have a relatively poor prognosis compared with other interval cancers, and to assess which prognostic features are relevant to interval cancers. Methods Analysis of prognostic pathological features (grade, lymph node stage, size, vascular invasion, oestrogen receptor [ER] status and histological type), radiological features (comedo/noncomedo calcification and spiculation) and survival for 538 invasive interval breast cancer cases by type and time since previous screen. Results Late interval cancers were less likely to be lymph node positive (13 versus 43%, P ¼ 0.003). Type 1 interval cancers were more likely to be histological grade 3 than type 2 (minimal signs) and type 3 (false-negative) intervals (52 versus 35%, P ¼ 0.05). Type 3 interval cancers were more likely to have lobular features than other intervals (47 versus 20%, Po0.0001). There was no significant survival difference by interval cancer type (P ¼ 0.64) or interval year (P ¼ 0.83). At univariate analysis of all interval cancers, tumour size, grade, nodal stage, ER status, vascular invasion and comedo calcification were associated with survival. On multivariate analysis of prognostic features significant at univariate analysis, nodal stage (P value ¼ 0.009), tumour size (P ¼ 0.001), ER status (Po0.0001) and vascular invasion (Po0.0001) maintained independent significance. Conclusions Our study shows that true intervals and interval cancers arising quickly after screening do not have a worse prognosis than other interval cancers, and that interval cancers have a unique set of prognostic features.

The authors present a case of bilateral cavernous haemangiomas affecting the posterior ends of both inferior turbinates of the nose. The condition was treated by angiographically controlled embolization. Review of the literature back to 1967 has revealed no other report of embolization being used specifically for this condition. All previous treatments have involved surgery; we describe an alternative therapeutic option.